句型1
would rather that somebody did…“寧愿……；更愿意……”(表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望)
would rather that somebody had done…“寧愿……；更愿意……”（表示過(guò)去的愿望）
[例句]
I’d rather you posted the letter right now. 我想讓你現(xiàn)在去寄信。
I’d rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.
我到情愿你不是個(gè)知名演員，這樣我們可以有更多的時(shí)間在一起。
I’d rather that I hadn’t seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天沒(méi)有看到她。
句型2
as if/though+主語(yǔ)+did/had done…好像……（表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況用過(guò)去時(shí)；表示過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí)）[參考句型4]
[例句]
Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.
Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan談起羅馬來(lái)就好像他去過(guò)那里似的。
句型3
“wish +賓語(yǔ)從句”，表示不大 可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
表示現(xiàn)在的愿望：主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí)；
表示過(guò)去的愿望：主語(yǔ)+had done；
表示將來(lái)的愿望：主語(yǔ)+would/could do
[例句]
How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我們學(xué)生多么希望有更多的自由時(shí)間放松自己！
I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time playing!
What a pity you can’t go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party!
句型4
It’s high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就該……
[例句]
It’s time that you went to school.= It’s time that you should go to school.
It’s high time that we did something to improve our environment. 該是我們?yōu)榄h(huán)保做些事情了。
I think it’s high time that she made up her mind. 我想她該拿定主意了。
句型5
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式完成結(jié)構(gòu)的用法
could have done “本來(lái)可以……”（表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能）。
might have done “本來(lái)可能……；本來(lái)應(yīng)該或可以做某事”（實(shí)際沒(méi)有發(fā)生；含有輕微的責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣。
should/ought to have done “本來(lái)該做某事”（而實(shí)際未做）
should not/ought not to have done “本來(lái)不該做”（實(shí)際卻做過(guò)了，含有責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣）
needn’t have done “本來(lái)不必做”（但是已經(jīng)做過(guò)了）
would rather have done “當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事”（實(shí)際沒(méi)有做過(guò)）；否定式would rather not have done表達(dá)相反意思，兩者都有表示“后悔”之意。
句型6
as, though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
[注意]although位于句首；though位于句首或句中；as位于句中=though。它的詞序是把句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或名詞放在連詞前。[參考倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)] 請(qǐng)注意下列句式的變化：
[例句]
1. Although/Though I’m young, I already know what career I want to follow.
→Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.
我雖然年輕，但我已經(jīng)明白我應(yīng)該追隨什么樣的事業(yè)。
2. Although/Though I respect him very much, I cannot agree with his idea.
→Much as/though I respect him, I cannot agree with his idea. 雖然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的觀點(diǎn)。
3. Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.
→Child（省略冠詞）as/though he is, he knows a lot of Chinese characters. 他雖然還是個(gè)孩子，卻認(rèn)識(shí)了許多漢字。
4. Although he tried, he couldn’t solve the problem.
→Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 盡管他努力了，但是他沒(méi)有解決問(wèn)題。
5. Although it is raining, I’m going out for a walk.
→Raining as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 天雖然在下雨，我還是要出去散步。
6. Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 這次意外雖然顯得不可思議，卻沒(méi)有人受傷。
7. Much as I would like to help, I have a lot to do. 雖然我很想幫助你，但是我有很多事要做。
8. Object as you may, I will go. 縱使你反對(duì)，我也要去。
句型7
…before…特殊用法（1）“沒(méi)來(lái)得及……就……”
[例句]
The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
他還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及沖進(jìn)房間救孩子，房頂就塌了。
He ran off before I could stop him. 我還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及阻止，他已經(jīng)跑了。
To my great disappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her.
讓我非常失望的是，我還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及和我最喜歡的歌手打招呼，她就已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。
句型8
…before…特殊用法（2）“過(guò)了多久才……”或“動(dòng)作進(jìn)行到什么程度才……”
[例句]
They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.
他們西行50英里才看到一個(gè)村莊。
The workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.
工人們連續(xù)工作3天才使一切恢復(fù)正常。
He almost knocked me down before he knew it.
他幾乎撞到我了才意識(shí)到。
We had walked a long way before we found some water.
我們走了很長(zhǎng)的路才找到一點(diǎn)水。
Five years went by before I knew it. 不知不覺(jué)，五年過(guò)去了。
句型9
It was + 時(shí)間段+before….“過(guò)了多久才（怎么樣）……”
It was not long before….“不久，就……”
It will (not) be +時(shí)間段+before….“要過(guò)多久（不久）……才……”(before從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般時(shí)態(tài))
[例句]
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意識(shí)到他處境的危險(xiǎn)。
It was five days before he came back. 五天后他才回來(lái)。
It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 再過(guò)半年你才能畢業(yè)。
It will not be long before they understand each other. 他們大概不久就會(huì)互相了解。
句型10
in case of…(+n.) “以防；萬(wàn)一”；
in case that…“以防，萬(wàn)一……”（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或should+動(dòng)詞原形）
[例句]
In case of fire, what should we do?
Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget. 萬(wàn)一我忘了，請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐摇?br>In case (that) John comes/should come, please tell him to wait.
Please take your umbrella in case (that it rains/should rain).帶上雨傘，以防下雨。
It強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本構(gòu)成：It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分 + who（主要指人時(shí)）/that + 其余部分
[注意1]
這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)（包括時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式，原因等），但是不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（參考句型15）。
原句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)，用It is…that/who….；
原句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，用It was…that/who….；
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式時(shí)不要用when, where或how, 必須用that。
[例句1]
I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.
→It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)）
→It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.（強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）
→It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）
→It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)）
[例句2]
He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.
→It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.
He didn’t do his homework until his father came back from work.
→It wasn’t until his father came back from work that he did his homework.
[例句3]
Only when you nearly lose someone do you fully realize how much you value him.
→It is only when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him.
只有你快要失去某個(gè)人時(shí)，你才意識(shí)到你是多么尊重他。
[例句4]
I was late again because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour.
→It was because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again.
（強(qiáng)調(diào)句中只能強(qiáng)調(diào)由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，because不能換成since, as, for, now that等）
[注意2]強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)
一般疑問(wèn)句 Is / Was it +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 +who / that …?
特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is /was +it +who / that…?
What is/was it that…? Who is/was it that…? When is/was it that…?
Where is/was it that…? Why is/was it that…? How is/was it that…?
[例句1]
I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.
→When was it that you saw him in the street?
→Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon?
→Where was it that you saw him yesterday afternoon?
[例句2]
I don’t know when he will come back.
→I don’t know when it is that he will come back.（賓語(yǔ)從句疑問(wèn)詞后用陳述句語(yǔ)序）
–How was it that you got in touch with Mr. Smith? 你是怎么和Smith先生聯(lián)系上的？
–Trough a friend of mine. 通過(guò)一個(gè)朋友。
句型12
（1）、祈使句（表?xiàng)l件）+ or/or else/ otherwise + 主句（表結(jié)果）… “否則…，要不然…”
（2）、祈使句（表?xiàng)l件）+ and +主句（表結(jié)果）
[例句]
Hurry up, or you’ll be late for class.
Please call me up before you come, otherwise/or else/or we might be out.
你來(lái)之前打個(gè)電話，否則，我們也許會(huì)出去。
Think it over and you will find the answer.
Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 得寸進(jìn)尺。
Work hard and you will make progress every day. 好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上。
句型13
…until….“直到……時(shí)候”；not…until…“直到……才……”
[例句]
You are to stay until/till your mother comes back. 你得等到你媽媽回來(lái)。
The meeting was put off until ten o’clock. 會(huì)議推遲到十點(diǎn)鐘。
The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.
→Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.（倒裝句）
等到湖里的魚(yú)全死光了，村民們才意識(shí)到污染是多么嚴(yán)重。
He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.
→It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）
Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing computer games.
Not until his son came back from school did he go to bed.
句型14
unless…“除非，如果不……”(=if…not)
[例句]
I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我明天去。
–Shall Tom go and play football?
–Not unless he has finished his homework. 除非他完成作業(yè)，否則不能出去。
I won’t go unless he comes to invite me himself.
除非他本人來(lái)邀請(qǐng)我，不然我是不會(huì)去的。
I won’t attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited). 除非被邀請(qǐng)，否則我不
去參加的生日晚會(huì)。
句型15
when引導(dǎo)的從句
when除了用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句，還有一種用法值得關(guān)注，那就是when引導(dǎo)并列分句，意思是“這時(shí)突然；就在那時(shí)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)另一個(gè)動(dòng)作的突然發(fā)生。常用于以下句型中：（1）、主語(yǔ) + be doing… when…意思是“正在做某事這時(shí)……”；（2）、主語(yǔ) + be about to do…when…；（3）、主語(yǔ)+be on the point of (doing) …when…意思是“正要去做某事這時(shí)……”
[例句]
One day Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed. 有一天，Chuck正在太平洋上飛行，這時(shí)他的飛機(jī)突然爆炸了。
I don’t know when he will arrive. 我不曉得他什么時(shí)候到達(dá)。
I thought of the happy days when I was in Beijing. 我想起了在北京時(shí)的那段快樂(lè)日子。
I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上沒(méi)有武器的日子不久就會(huì)到來(lái)。
I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help. 我正在河邊行走，這時(shí)我突然聽(tīng)到一個(gè)落水男孩求救。
I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我剛要離開(kāi)，這時(shí)下雨了。
I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang, announcing the class was over. 我剛做完作業(yè)，下課鈴響了。
I thought of the happy days when I was in France. 我想到了在法國(guó)時(shí)那段快樂(lè)日子。
I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上沒(méi)有武器的日子不久就會(huì)來(lái)臨。
[比較]
I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. 我正在街上走，這時(shí)我看見(jiàn)一家裁縫店。
I was walking along the streets. Just at the moment I caught sight of a tailor’s shop. 我在街上走。就在那時(shí)我看見(jiàn)一家裁縫店。
句型16
while引導(dǎo)的從句
while除了有“當(dāng)/在……時(shí)候”的意思外（注意：引導(dǎo)的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞！），另外的兩層意思也是考查的重點(diǎn)：（1）while = although “盡管”、“雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；（2）while的意思是“然而；可是”，常用來(lái)表達(dá)對(duì)比關(guān)系。
[例句]
While I admit that the problem is difficult, I don’t think that they can’t be solved.
盡管我承認(rèn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難，但是我并不認(rèn)為無(wú)法解決。
While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.
雖然我承認(rèn)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，我也能看出他的缺點(diǎn)。
While I was angry with her, I didn’t lose my temper.
雖然我很生氣，但我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有對(duì)她發(fā)脾氣。
While I understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with you. 雖然我了解你的見(jiàn)解， 我還是不能同意（你）。
I earn only 120 dollars a week, while she earns 180 dollars. 我一星期只賺120美元，她卻賺180美元。
句型17
where…（地點(diǎn)從句）
[注意]where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)從句時(shí)，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句或是邏輯地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)它在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，指代地點(diǎn)時(shí)，這時(shí)可以用in which, on which, at which, to which, from which等結(jié)構(gòu)代替。但是它引導(dǎo)邏輯地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，沒(méi)有這樣用法。
[例句]
You should put the book where it was. 把書(shū)放回原處。
Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure.
不屈不撓者從他人失敗的地方獲取成功。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
Where men are greedy, there is never peace. 人類貪欲不止，世界和平無(wú)望。
Go where you should, keep on studying. 無(wú)論你到哪里，你都應(yīng)該繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。
That is the building where my father works. 那是我父親工作的大樓。
Yesterday I went to the department store, where I met my teacher. 昨天我去百貨公司，就在那兒遇見(jiàn)了我的老師。
That’s where a change is needed. 那就是需要變更的地方。
We could see the runners very well from where we stood. 從我們所站的地方能很清楚地看到賽跑的選手。
You should let your children play where you can see them. 你應(yīng)該讓小孩在你的視線所及的地方玩耍。
Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.=Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.（本句where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句）
有些地方太冷不能種水稻，但可以種馬鈴薯。
[請(qǐng)比較下面的句子結(jié)構(gòu)的不同]
Potatoes can be grown where it is too cold to grow rice.（本句where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）
句型18
what引導(dǎo)的從句
what在英語(yǔ)中非?；钴S,它可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句，但是不用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。在句子里可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，既可以指人，也可以指物。
[例句]
What is the population of the world? 世界的人口有多少？
What did you pay for this picture? 這幅畫(huà)你付了多少錢？
What is most important in life isn’t money. 人生最重要的并非是金錢。
Will you show me what you bought? 可以把你所買的東西給我看一下嗎？
Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago. Mary已經(jīng)不是10年前的她了。
句型19
as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
在as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，連接代詞as在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等，可以指人或物。其在定語(yǔ)從句中的位置比較靈活，即可以在句子前面，在句子中間或句子末尾。常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。
[注意1]as通常只指整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，不表示部分內(nèi)容。
[注意2]as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常指“事先可以預(yù)料到的”“料想到的”，表達(dá)“好”的方面。
[注意3]as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常構(gòu)成the same…as…; such…as…; so/as …as…等結(jié)構(gòu)。在從句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整個(gè)句子。
[例句]
This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告訴過(guò)你，這也是你工作的一部分。
The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 從那人說(shuō)話的樣子可明顯看出，他是個(gè)老師。
Such ideas as he hits on are worthless. 像他那樣偶然想起的主意是無(wú)用的。
It’s the same story as I heard from her yesterday. 這故事跟我從她那兒聽(tīng)到的相同。
He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他要盡可能找漂亮的女孩結(jié)婚。
Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
那些對(duì)世界做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)的人們應(yīng)該受到極大的尊重。
句型20
which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句（也引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句）
which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可以指整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容，也可以指句子的部分內(nèi)容（如單詞或詞組等），在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞或介詞的）、定語(yǔ)等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是“不好的”、“事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的”等時(shí)，常用which，只指物。
[例句]
Yellowstone National Park, which is in Wyoming, is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黃石國(guó)家公園位于懷俄明州，是世界上最美麗的國(guó)家公園之一。
The clock, which my grandfather bought, is still in good order. 這時(shí)鐘是我祖父買的，現(xiàn)在還走時(shí)很準(zhǔn)。
The picture, for which he paid an enormous amount of money, was a forgery.
那幅畫(huà)他花了一大筆錢購(gòu)買，卻是幅贗品。
She changed her mind again, which made us all angry. 她又改變了主意，這使我們大家都生氣了。
I lived three years in Paris, during which time I learned French. 我在巴黎住了三年，在那期間我學(xué)了法語(yǔ)。
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天氣結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)晴，
這是我們沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的。
句型21
（1）、疑問(wèn)詞+ever whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever,
wherever, however用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于no matter和what, who, which, when, where, how連用。
[例句]
Whatever (=No matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope.
無(wú)論發(fā)生什么事，我們都不能失去希望。
Whatever reasons you (may) have, you should carry out a promise. 無(wú)論你有什么理由，你都應(yīng)該遵守諾言。
Whoever (=No matter who) comes, he will be warmly welcome. 無(wú)論誰(shuí)來(lái)，都會(huì)受到熱烈歡迎。
Whenever (=No matter when) it happened, it was certainly not yesterday.
此事無(wú)論發(fā)生在何時(shí)，但絕不是昨天。
Whenever you (may) call, you will find her sitting by the window. 無(wú)論什么時(shí)候你去找她，你都會(huì)看到她坐在窗邊。
Wherever (=No matter where) he went, he made friends with people.
Whichever (=No matter which) of them you many choose, the quality will be the same.
他們當(dāng)中不論你選哪一個(gè)，品質(zhì)都一樣。
However (=No matter how) hard I have tried, I can’t find the answer.
（2）、whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，這時(shí)不能用no matter+疑問(wèn)詞替換。
[例句]
Take whichever you want. 你要哪個(gè)就拿哪個(gè)。
We will do whatever we can to help him out. 我們要盡力幫助他擺脫困境。
I’ll show you whatever you want to see. 你想看什么我就給你看什么。
Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 無(wú)論誰(shuí)做這件事都要得到報(bào)酬。
Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. 任何人在這種大雨中行走都會(huì)患感冒。
You may invite whomever（口語(yǔ)中常用whoever代替）you like to the party. 你可以邀請(qǐng)你喜歡的人來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。
Take whatever magazines you want to read. 你可以取閱任何你想讀的雜志。
倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
句型22全倒裝句型（一）
here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副詞放在句首，句子需要全部倒裝
[例句]
There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了！
Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽車來(lái)了。
Now comes your turn to make a short speech. 該輪到你發(fā)言了。
Away went the thief when he saw the police.
Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我們期盼的時(shí)候到了。
[注意]
（1）在這種情況下倒裝僅限于不及物動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞，像go, come, rush, live, stand, lie等。
（2）主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)不要倒裝。如：Away he went. 他走遠(yuǎn)了。
句型23全倒裝句型（二）
表示方位的狀語(yǔ)放在句首，句子全倒裝；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. 不及物動(dòng)詞。
[例句]
On a hill in front of them stands a great castle. 在他們面前的山上矗立著一座巨大的城堡。
In front of the house stopped a police car. 房子的全面停著一輛警車。
Around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角處有個(gè)年輕的警察在行走。
Under the tree sat a boy of about ten. 在樹(shù)下坐著一個(gè)大約10歲的男孩。
句型24全倒裝句型（三）
（表語(yǔ)）adj. / v-ing / v-ed +（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）+ be（或其他動(dòng)詞形式）…
So adj./adv…that…如此……以至于……(so引導(dǎo)的句子倒裝，而that引導(dǎo)的句子不倒裝！) (這種結(jié)構(gòu)是半倒裝句。)
[例句]
Present at the meeting were the manager, all the designers and the writer. 出席會(huì)議的有經(jīng)理，設(shè)計(jì)師和詞作者。
Fastened to the pole is the National flag. 旗桿上有一面國(guó)旗。
Hidden behind the door were some naughty children. 有幾個(gè)頑皮的孩子藏在門后面。
Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers, listening attentively to the new teacher. 坐在教室后面的是幾位老教師，他們?cè)谡J(rèn)真地聽(tīng)新教師的課。
Gone are the days when farmers lived in the poor houses.
農(nóng)民住在破舊房子里的日子過(guò)去了。
Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play. 相聲是中國(guó)典型的喜劇，兩個(gè)演員通過(guò)玩弄詞藻來(lái)逗樂(lè)觀眾。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
他說(shuō)英語(yǔ)非常清晰，別人都能聽(tīng)懂他的話。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光運(yùn)行非?？欤覀儙缀鯚o(wú)法想象它的速度。
句型25 半倒裝句（一）
否定意義的副詞或短語(yǔ)放在句首，句子半倒裝。這樣的副詞主要有：little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no means（決不）, at no time（在任何時(shí)候都不），nowhere, in no case (無(wú)論如何都不)；not in the least (=not at all) , on no condition（決不） 等。
[例句]
Never shall I forget you.
At no time was the man aware of what was happening. 那個(gè)人根本沒(méi)有注意到發(fā)生的情況。
Little did I understand what he said to me at that time. 我那時(shí)幾乎沒(méi)有明白他給我說(shuō)的話。
It’s beyond description. Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place.
那真是用語(yǔ)言難以形容。世界上沒(méi)有其他地方會(huì)有這么安靜、美麗的地方了。
Not a single mistake did he make in the exam. 他在考試中沒(méi)有犯一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
By no means are these works of art satisfactory. 這些藝術(shù)品根本不能令人滿意。
On no condition should you visit that place. 你決不能去那個(gè)地方。
句型26 半倒裝句（二）
not only…, but also…（前一分句倒裝，后一分句不倒裝）
[例句]
Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away. 不僅他擁有的一切被那走了，就連他的德國(guó)國(guó)籍也被取消了。
They suggested not only should we attend the party but also give a performance. 他們建議我們不僅要參加晚會(huì)，還要進(jìn)行表演。
Not only should we students study hard, we also should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time. 我們學(xué)生不僅要學(xué)習(xí)好，還應(yīng)該知道在課余時(shí)間怎樣享受生活。
句型27半倒裝句（三）
neither, nor放在句首
[例句]
If you don’t go to see the movie, neither will I. 如果你不去看電影，我也不去。
--Why didn’t you buy the jacket?
--Neither was the price satisfactory, nor did the color agree with me.
價(jià)格不能令人滿意，顏色也不太適合我。
I don’t like him, nor do I care about him. 我不喜歡他，也不關(guān)心他。
句型28 半倒裝句（四）
“only + 狀語(yǔ)”放在句首，句子半倒裝
[例句]
Only when the war was over did he return to work. 直到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束他才回去工作。
Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army. 你只有到了18歲才能參軍。
Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
只有這樣，我們對(duì)生活中的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)才會(huì)有充分的準(zhǔn)備。
Only by changing the way we live will we be able to save the earth.
只有改變生活方式，我們才能拯救地球。
[注意]這種結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝只在only引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候使用，only引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候不用倒裝。
Only in this way can you work out the problem. 你只有用這種方法才能做出題目。
Only this way can help you work out the problem. 只有這種方法才能幫你做出題目。
句型29 半倒裝句（五）
so + be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等 + 主語(yǔ) “……也……”（表示肯定意思）
neither/nor +動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等 + 主語(yǔ) “……也……”（表示否定意思）
[例句]
She is interested in the story, so am I.
He enjoys playing the guitar, so do I.
I saw the film last night, so did he.
In the past 20 years, our society has changed a lot, so have our eating habits.
近20年來(lái)。我們的社會(huì)發(fā)生了很大的變化，我們的飲食習(xí)慣也變了。
Tom didn’t attend the meeting last night; nor did Mary. Tom沒(méi)來(lái)參加昨晚的會(huì)議，Mary也沒(méi)來(lái)。
I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has Tom.
[比較1] “so + 主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞” 表示肯定已有的觀點(diǎn)或事實(shí)
[例句]
–We have all worked hard these days.
–So we have.（的確如此）
I promised to help him, and so I did.（我確實(shí)幫助他了）
[比較2] “主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞 + so” 表示按照別人的要求去做
[例句]
The wounded little boy asked me to lift him up and I did so.
The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply and he did so.
句型30
so it is with somebody = it’s the same with somebody前者怎么
樣，后者也怎么樣
[注意]前面既有否定句又有肯定句，或有多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞難以選擇時(shí)，用此句型。
[例句]
John likes English but he doesn’t like maths, so it is with me (so it is the same with me).
Tom is a student and he studies hard, so it is with me.
–He was really manly enough to be responsible for what he had done. 他像個(gè)男子漢，敢于對(duì)自己的所作所為負(fù)責(zé)。
–So he was, and so it was with you. 他的確如此，你當(dāng)時(shí)也一樣。
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
句型31
（從句）If + were/did（動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式），（主句）主語(yǔ) + would/might/should/could + do（表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)）
[例句] If I were you, I would not be so proud. 如果我是你，我不會(huì)如此自負(fù)。 I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others. If I were in your position, I would think better of it. 如果我處在你的位置，我會(huì)好好考慮它。
句型32
（從句）If + had done, （主句）主語(yǔ)+ would/might/should/could +have done（表示對(duì)過(guò)去或已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情的虛擬假設(shè)）
[例句] What a pity it is that you didn’t attend the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer. 真遺憾昨天你沒(méi)有去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。如果你去了，就能見(jiàn)到那位著名歌手。 Anyone in his position would have done the same. =If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same. 任何處在他位置的人都會(huì)這樣做的。
句型33
（從句）If + were/did（動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式）/were to do/should do，（主句）主語(yǔ)+ would/might/should/could + do（表示對(duì)將來(lái)的假設(shè)）
[例句] If he should refuse (= If he were to refuse=If he refused), it didn’t matter at all. 萬(wàn)一他拒絕了，那也沒(méi)關(guān)系。 If you shouldn’t pass the college entrance examination, what would you do? 萬(wàn)一高考不中，你該怎么辦？
句型34虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句的倒裝
在虛擬條件句中，如果出現(xiàn)有were, had, should，可以省去if, 把這些詞放在句子前面，構(gòu)成虛擬倒裝句。
[例句] Should he act like that again, he would be fined. 如果他還這樣做，就要受罰。 Had the doctor come in time last night (=If the doctor had come in time last time), the boy would have been saved. 昨天晚上要是醫(yī)生及時(shí)到達(dá)，小孩就會(huì)得救。 Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Had I enough money (= If I had enough money), I would buy a larger house.
句型35
if only引起的感嘆句，相當(dāng)于 “How I wish + 賓語(yǔ)從句”，意思是“但愿……；要是……就好了”
[例句] If only he could come! 他要是能來(lái)就好了！ If only we students didn’t have so much homework！要是沒(méi)有這么多的作業(yè)該多好！ If only I hadn’t been so careless in the exam! 我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有那么粗心就好了！
句型36
if it were not for… (= were it not for…)
if it hadn’t been for… (= had it not been for…)“要不是因?yàn)橛?#8230;…；如果不是……”
[注意]這種結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用否定結(jié)構(gòu)的縮寫(xiě)形式，即不能用weren’t it for…） [例句] If it hadn’t been for (= Had it not been for) the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn’t have been saved. 要不是船長(zhǎng)一直堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，船上的旅客就不會(huì)得救。 If it were not for your rich parents, you couldn’t live so easy a life. 要不是你父母有錢，你的生活不會(huì)如此安逸。 If it were not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 如果不是因?yàn)榻?jīng)費(fèi)問(wèn)題，我現(xiàn)在就出國(guó)了。
句型37
“but for + 名詞”和“but that +從句”，意思是“倘若不是；要不是”，接虛擬語(yǔ)氣
[例句] But for air and water, nothing could live. (= If there were no air or water, nothing could live.) 如果沒(méi)有空氣和水，什么東西都難以生存。 But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. = If it hadn’t been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 如果不是暴風(fēng)雨，我們?cè)缇偷搅恕?But for you, we couldn’t have carried out the plan. 要不是你的話，我們無(wú)法實(shí)施那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。 She could not have believed it but that she saw it. 若非親眼所見(jiàn)，她是不會(huì)相信的。
句型38
在動(dòng)詞insist（1堅(jiān)持做某事），order, command（2命令）, advise, suggest, propose（3建議做某事），demand, require, request, ask（4要求）等表示建議、命令、要求的名詞性從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。基本句型：主語(yǔ)+ (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。另外像decide, desire, intend, recommend等也要接(should)+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)。
[例句] Mother insists that Tom (should) go to bed at nine o’clock.（賓語(yǔ)從句） We suggested that the meeting (should) be held at once. It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.（主語(yǔ)從句） The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.（同位語(yǔ)從句） That is their demand that their wages (should) be increased.（表語(yǔ)從句） [注意1]
advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request, desire, command, decision, requirement等名詞引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。 [注意2]
It’s suggested/ advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。 [注意3]suggest意思是“表明，暗示；說(shuō)明”時(shí)；insist意思是“堅(jiān)持觀點(diǎn)，堅(jiān)持看法”時(shí)，句子不能用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 [例句] He insisted that he was innocent.=He insisted on his innocence. 他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)自己是無(wú)辜的。 He insisted that he had never done wrong. 他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)沒(méi)有做錯(cuò)事情。 Are you suggesting that I’m not suited for the job? 你是在暗示說(shuō)我不適合做那項(xiàng)工作？ The look on his face suggested that the teacher was quite satisfied with the result. 臉上的表情說(shuō)明老師對(duì)結(jié)果感到滿意。
句型39
It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential（基本的）等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即主語(yǔ)+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形
[例句] It’s necessary that Tom take the exam first. Tom有必要先參加考試。 With the society developing very fast, it’s quite necessary/important that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer. 隨著社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展，我們有必要精通英語(yǔ)和電腦。
句型40
It’s strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise (that) … should do…should表示“竟然”
[例句] It’s a pity that she should miss the chance. 很遺憾她錯(cuò)過(guò)了機(jī)會(huì)。 It’s really surprising that a prophecy（預(yù)言）should coincide with the fact so exactly. 令人驚訝的是，預(yù)言和事實(shí)竟然如此巧合。 It’s strange that he shouldn’t pass the exam. 奇怪的是他竟然沒(méi)有通過(guò)考試。
