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形容詞和副詞 (Adjectives & Adverbs)知識點——形容詞adj.

 昕夢緣 2010-03-20
‖形容詞和副詞概述‖

形容詞是用于描寫或修飾名詞或代詞的詞,它可以表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)和屬性,在句中可用作定語、表語、補語、狀語等。如:

It's a beautiful car. 那是一輛漂亮的汽車。               
(作定語)
The children are clever. 這些孩子很聰明。                (
作表語)
All of them fell asleep. 他們都睡著了。                  (作表語)
We find the question very difficult.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個問題很難。
(作賓補)
He sat in the corner,silent. 他坐在角落里,一言不發(fā)。     
(作狀語)

副詞

副詞主要用于修飾動詞,也可用于修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞、介詞短語以及句子,表示時間、地點、方式、程度、疑問等。如

He often comes late. 他經(jīng)常遲到。                      
(修飾動詞)
We rather like English. 我們非常喜歡英語。             
(修飾動詞)
It's almost impossible. 那幾乎是不可能的。             (
修飾形容詞)
He drove very fast. 他開車開的很快。                    (修飾副詞)
She looks very much like her mother.她看上去很她母親。  (修飾介詞短語)    

形容詞變副詞:

1.多數(shù)情況下, 副詞是形容詞+'-ly'形式:

形容詞 副詞

cheap
quick
slow

cheaply
quickly
slowly

例如:

  • Time goes quickly.
  • He walked slowly to the door.
  • She certainly had an interesting life.
  • He carefully picked up the sleeping child.

如果形容詞以'-y'結(jié)尾, 用 'i'代替'y'再加 '-ly':

形容詞 副詞

easy
angry
happy
lucky

easily
angrily
happily
luckily

如果形容詞以-'able', '-ible', or '-le', 結(jié)尾,則用'-y'代替“e":

形容詞 副詞

probable
terrible
gentle

probably
terribly
gently

如果形容詞以'-ic'結(jié)尾, 加 '-ally':

形容詞 副詞

basic
economic
tragic

basically
economically
tragically

注意: 例外: public - publicly

2. 有的形容詞與副詞形式相同:

形容詞 / 副詞

early
fast
hard
high

late
near
straight
wrong

比較:

     It is a fast car.
     He drives very fast.

     This is a hard exercise.
 
     He works hard.

     We saw many high buildings.

     The bird flew high in the sky.

1. 形容詞------1.1 形容詞及其基本用法

形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常,可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。

1)    1) 直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語、表語和補語。例如:hot

2)    2) 敘述形容詞只能作表語,所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid 害怕的。

   (錯) He is an ill man.

   (對) The man is ill.這個人生病了。

   (錯) She is an afraid girl.

  ?。▽Γ?/font> The girl is afraid. 這個女孩很害怕。

   這類詞還有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。

3      3) 形容詞作定語修飾名詞時,要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語時,要放在這些詞之后。例如:something nice.

1.2 多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序

多個形容詞修飾名詞時,其順序為:限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色)--出處--材料性質(zhì)--類別--名詞。例如:

   a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car

限定詞 delicious, lovely, charming
大小/長短 small,huge,tiny,long,short
新舊/溫度 old, hot, young
形狀 round, square, rectangular
顏色 red, blonde, black
出處(國籍) Swedish, Victorian, Chinese
材質(zhì)  plastic, wooden, silver

典型例題:

1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys. 

       A. little two other B. two little other  C. two other little  D. little other two

      答案:C。由"限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --性質(zhì)--名詞"的順序可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案。

2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

      A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old

      答案A. 幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國家+名詞。

3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

       ---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.

      A. few last sunny  B. last few sunny  C. last sunny few  D. few sunny last

       答案:B。本題考查多個形容詞的排序問題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個形容詞的重要性差不多,音節(jié)

少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的方在后,在不能確定時,可參照:限定詞+數(shù)量詞(序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高

低等形體+新舊+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞
,如those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。

1.3 以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞

1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。

     改錯: (錯) She sang lovely.

           (錯) He spoke to me very friendly.

           (對) Her singing was lovely.

           (對) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

  2) 有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞,如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。例如:

    The Times is a weekly paper. 《時代周刊》為周刊。

    The Times is published weekly. 《時代周刊》每周發(fā)行一期。

1.4 用形容詞表示類別和整體

  1)某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接,如the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。例如:

    The poor are losing hope. 窮人將失去希望。

2)   2)有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體,與動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用,如the British,the English,the French,the Chinese等。例如:

    The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英國人頗有幽默感。

2. 副詞------2.1 副詞及其基本用法

副詞主要用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。

一、副詞的位置

1)表示確定的時間副詞,地點副詞和一些方式副詞一般放在句末。如果句末同時出現(xiàn)幾個副詞,其順序是:方式副詞地點副詞時間副詞

   He went to London yesterday.

   I saw your keys somewhere.

   He closed the door quietly.

2)頻度副詞一般放在行為動詞,助動詞,系動詞,情態(tài)動詞后

   She always goes to school at seven.

    
You have often been told not to do it.

3)程度副詞一般放在被修飾的形容詞,副詞或動詞前(enough除外)

   This is a very good book.

   She studies much harder now.

   I quite understand.

   The hall is big enough to hold 5,000 people.

4)一些方式副詞修飾不及物動詞時,放在被修飾的動詞之后

   He works hard.

5)修飾及物動詞時,放在被修飾的動詞之前或賓語之后

   He speaks English very well.

6)副詞修飾名詞時放在名詞之后:

   The young people there are from Beijing.

7)修飾全句的副詞常放在句首

   Truly he will go to Shanghai.

8)疑問副詞放在句首

   Where is the book?

9)關(guān)系副詞和連接副詞放在定語從句和名詞性從句之首

   This is the house where I once lived.

   I don't know where he lives.

10)及物動詞和副詞(如up,over,on,off,down,in out等)組成的動詞詞組又名詞作賓語時,該名詞可放在副詞之后或之前,如果賓語為代詞,該代詞一定要放在副詞之前

   Don't give (the plan) up (the plan).

   Don't give it up.

  注意:

   a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾,但賓語過長,副詞可以提前,以使句子平衡。例如:

    We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我們清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。

   b. 方式副詞well,badly,hard等只放在句尾。例如:

    He speaks English well. 他英語說得好。

二、副詞的排列順序:

1) 時間,地點副詞,小單位的在前,大單位在后。

2) 方式副詞,短的在前,長的在后,并用and或but等連詞連接。例如:

   Please write slowly and carefully. 請寫得慢一些,仔細一些。

3) 多個不同副詞排列:程度+地點+方式+時間副詞

 注意:副詞 very 可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動詞。

     改錯:(錯) I very like English.

        (對) I like English very much.

 注意:副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面,形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。

      例如:

         I don't know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。

         There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足夠的食物供每個人吃。

         There is food enough for everyone to eat.

2.2 副詞的分類

(一)按照意義分類:

     1.時間副詞:       
       
        now,soon,ago,today,early,finally,once,recently,already

         何時: today, yesterday, later, now, last year

         多久
:
all day, not long, for a while, since last year

     2.地點副詞: 

         here,downstairs,above,back,upwards,nearby,outside,off

     3.方式副詞:   
        
        carefully,fast,angrily,warmly,suddenly,slowly,really,excitedly,hard,well
     
     4.程度副詞:

        almost,nearly,very,rather,fairly,so,much,deeply,quite

     5.頻度副詞:

        once,always,seldom,often,usually,sometimes,occsionally

(二)按照功能分類:

     1.一般副詞:包括上述時間,地點,方式,程度,頻度等副詞,主要在句中作狀語,定語,表語,賓語補足語和介詞賓語

     2.疑問副詞:如how,when,why,where放在特殊疑問句首

     3.關(guān)系副詞:如when,where,why,引導(dǎo)定語從句

     4.連接副詞:如 how,when,where,why,whether,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句

(三)三種特殊的副詞

     1.與形容詞同形的副詞: 

        high,deep,hard,daily,early,fast,near,low,far,little,straight,pretty,enough,only,direct

     
2.以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞                  

        
friendly,lovely,lonely,homely,manly,motherly,brotherly,worldly

     3.有一些副詞既與形容詞同形又可以以-ly結(jié)尾

        He is a hard worker.他是個勤奮的工人(形容詞)

        He works hard.他努力工作(副詞)

        He hardly words.他幾乎不工作(副詞)

2.3 兼有兩種形式的副詞

  1) closeclosely

     close意思是"近";closely 意思是"仔細地"。例如:

    He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我邊上。

    Watch him closely. 盯著他。

2) latelately

    late意思是"晚";lately 意思是"最近"。例如:

    You have come too late. 你來得太晚了。

    What have you been doing lately? 近來好嗎?

3) deepdeeply

    deep意思是"深",表示空間深度;deeply時常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"。例如:

    He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插進泥里。

    Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被電影深深打動了。

4) highhighly

    high表示空間高度;highly表示程度,相當(dāng)于much。例如:

   The plane was flying high. 這架飛機飛得很高。

   I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。

5) widewidely

    wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是"廣泛地","在許多地方"。例如:

    He opened the door wide. 他把門開得大大的。

    English is widely used in the world.英語在世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛使用。

6) freefreely

    free的意思是"免費";freely 的意思是"無限制地"。例如:

    You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.無論什么時候,我這飯鋪免費對你開放。

    You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以暢所欲言,想說什么就說什么。

3. 形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級

大多數(shù)形容詞(性質(zhì)形容詞)和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化,即原級、比較級和最高級,用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形,比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。

一. 形容詞的比較級和最高級變化:

1) 規(guī)則變化 

音節(jié)數(shù)量  比較級 最高級 
單音節(jié) + -er + -est
tall taller tallest
     

以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞,雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-est:

fat fatter fattest
big bigger biggest
sad sadder saddest

big, bigger, biggest
音節(jié)數(shù)量 比較級  最高級
雙音節(jié) + -er OR more + adj + -est OR most + adj
以 -y, -ly, 結(jié)尾的詞,"以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,改y為i,再加-er,-est
以 -le, 或者 -ure結(jié)尾的詞,加-r;以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-est
happy happier/ more happy happiest/ most happy
yellow yellower/ more yellow yellowest/ most yellow
simple simpler/ more simple simplest/ most simple
tender tenderer/ more tender tenderest/ most tender
如果你不確認, 用 MORE + OR MOST +
注意:"以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,改y為i,再加-er,-est   
busy busier busiest
音節(jié)數(shù)量 比較級 最高級
三個以上的音節(jié) more + adj most + adj
important more important most important
expensive more expensive most expensive

例如:

a. A cat is fast, a tiger is faster but a cheetah is the fastest

b. A car is heavy, a truck is heavier, but a train is the heaviest

c. A park bench is comfortable, a restaurant chair is more comfortable, but a sofa is the most comfortable


2) 不規(guī)則變化

原級 比較級 最高級
good better best
well(健康的) worse worst
bad
ill(有病的)
old older/elder oldest/eldest
much/many more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest

二. 副詞的比較級和最高級變化:通常說來,副詞的比較級和最高級與形容詞的比較級最高級形式相同:

  • 短副詞后加 -er or -est :

副詞 比較級 最高級
hard harder the hardest
late later the latest
fast faster the fastest

例如:

  • Jim works harder than his brother.
  • Everyone in the race ran fast, but John ran the fastest of all.

以 -ly結(jié)尾的副詞, 用 more +副詞做比較級, most+副詞做最高級 :

副詞 比較級 最高級
quietly more quietly most quietly
slowly more slowly most slowly
seriously more seriously most seriously

 

例如:

  • The teacher spoke more slowly to help us to understand. 
  • Could you sing more quietly please?

有的副詞有不規(guī)則的比較級形式

副詞 比較級 最高級
badly worse worst
far farther/further farthest/furthest
little less least
well better best
    例如:
    • The little boy ran further than his friends.
    • You're driving worse today than yesterday !

    注意! 有時候 'most' 意味著 'very':

    • We were most grateful for your help
    • I am most impressed by this application.
    4. 形容詞、副詞比較等級的基本用法------4.1 as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as

    1)在否定句或疑問句中可用so… as。例如:

       He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他沒你跑得快。

    • Mont Blanc is not as high as Mount Everest .
    • Norway is not as sunny as Thailand .
    • A bicycle is not as expensive as a car.
    • Arthur is not as intelligent as Albert .

    2)當(dāng)as… as 中間有名詞時采用以下格式:as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞/ as + many/much +名詞。例如:

       This is as good an example as the other is. 這個例子和另外一個一樣好。

       I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙,我也能。

    3)用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時,放在as的前面。例如:

       This room is twice as big as that one. 這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。

       Your room is the same size as mine. 你的房間和我的一樣大。

    4)倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍數(shù)+ the … + of。例如:

       This bridge is three times as long as that one. 這座橋的長度是那座的三倍。

       This bridge is three times the length of that one.

       Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房間是我的兩倍大。

       Your room is twice the size of mine.

    4.2 比較級形容詞或副詞 + than

    1)要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。

       (錯) He is more cleverer than his brother.

       (對) He is more clever than his brother.

       (對) He is clever than his brother.

    2)要避免將主語含在比較對象中。

       (錯) China is larger than any country in Asia.

       (對) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

    3)要注意對應(yīng)句型,遵循前后一致的原則。

       The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

       It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

    4)要注意定冠詞在比較級中的使用。

        比較:Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

           Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

           She is taller than her two sisters.

           She is the taller of the two sisters.

    4.3 the + 最高級 + 比較范圍

    1)形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the,副詞最高級前可不用。例如:

    The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。

    形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示"非常"。例如:

       It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 這是個很重要的問題。 

        注意:使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)

      (錯) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.

     ?。▽Γ?/font> Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.

    2)下列詞可修飾最高級,by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如:

       This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 這帽子差不多是最大的了。

     注意:

          a. very可修飾最高級,但位置與much不同。

           This is the very best.

           This is much the best.

          b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。例如:

           Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。

    3) 最高級的意義有時可以用比較級表示出來。例如:

        Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 馬克是班上最聰明的。

        Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.

    4) "否定詞語+比較級","否定詞語+ so… as"結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示最高級含義。例如:

        Nothing is so easy as this. 沒比這更簡單的了。

        =Nothing is easier than this.

        =This is the easiest thing.

    5. 形容詞、副詞比較等級的其他用法------5.1 可修飾比較級的詞

    1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。

    2)還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。

    3)以上詞(除by far)外,必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。

    典型例題:

    1)---- Are you feeling ____? 

       ---- Yes,I'm fine now.

       A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better  

    答案:B. any 可修飾比較級,quite修飾原級,well的比較級為better.

    2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected. 

       A. more  B. much more   C. much    D. more much

    答案:C. much可修飾比較級,因此B,C都說得通,但easier本身已是比較級,不需more,因此C為正確答案。

    3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school. 

    A. the happiest time  B. a more happier time C. much happiest time  D. a much happier time

    答案:D。

    5.2 和more有關(guān)的詞組

    1) the more…the more… 越……就越……。例如:

         The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make. 越努力,進步越大。

    2) more B than A=less A than B    與其說A不如說B。例如:

         He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作時,與其說是反應(yīng)慢不如說是懶。

    3) no more… than… 與……一樣……,不比……多。例如:

         The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官員們看到的和皇帝一樣多。

        no less… than… 與……一樣……。例如:

        He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一樣勤勉。

    4) more than 不只是,非常。例如:

       She is more than kind to us all. 她對我們非常熱心。

    典型例題

    1)The weather in China is different from____.

     A. in America  B. one in America  C. America   D. that in America

      答案:D. 本題意為"中國的天氣比美國熱。"比較的是天氣而不是國家,C不能選。A沒有名詞,后句成分不全,排除。B和D中,B中的one常用來代替可數(shù)名詞,而that可車以代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞,所以選D。

    2)After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.

    A. as twice many  B. as many twice  C. twice as many D. twice many as

     答案C. 此句意為"這個廠1988能生產(chǎn)的拖拉機是往年的兩倍"。表示倍數(shù)用"倍數(shù)+ as + 形容詞原形+ as +比較對象"的句型。所以此句答案為C。

    6. 需特別注意的 many、much,old 和 far

    1) 如果后接名詞時,much more +不可數(shù)名詞,many more +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。   

    2) old 有兩種比較級和最高級形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder,eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系。例如:

       My elder brother is an engineer. 我哥哥是個工程師。

       Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 瑪麗是三姐妹中最大的。

    3) far 有兩種比較級,farther,further。一般father 表示距離,further表示進一步。例如:

         I have nothing further to say. 我沒什么要說了。

    7. 常見近義副詞的比較------7.1 always,usually,sometimes,rarely,never

    頻率副詞: always,usually,sometimes,rarely,never

    always usually sometimes rarely never
    100% 的時間 0% 的時間

    在帶動詞 be 的句子里應(yīng)把頻率副詞放在動詞的后面。

      They are always happy.

      The food is never good here.

    在帶其他動詞的句子中時,頻率副詞放在動詞的前面:

       We usually go to the beach on Saturday.

       She sometimes cooks spaghetti.

       I rarely travel.

    7.2 表示程度的副詞 almost, nearly, quite, just, too, enough, hardly, scarcely, completely, very, extremely.

    表示程度的副詞:Almost, nearly, quite, just, too, enough,very, hardly, scarcely, completely,  extremely.

    表示程度的副詞通常放在:

    1. 修飾的形容詞或副詞之前:
      如. The water was extremely cold.
    2. 主要動詞之前:
      如. He was just leaving. She has almost finished.
      例子:
      She doesn't quite know what she'll do after university.
      They are completely exhausted from the trip.
      I am too tired to go out tonight.
      He hardly noticed what she was saying.

    Enough, very, too 的比較

      1)Enough 作副詞時表示”到了一定程度“放在形容詞及副詞之后

    例如:

    • Is your coffee hot enough? (形容詞)
    • He didn't work hard enough. (副詞)

       也可放在名詞前,表示 '足夠了'. 這里不作副詞,而是 '限定詞'.

    例子:

    • We have enough bread.
    • They don't have enough food.

      2)Too 作副詞放在形容詞及副詞之前.

    • This coffee is too hot. (形容詞)
    • He works too hard. (副詞)

       Enough 和 too 加上形容詞可以跟 'for someone/something'.

    例如:

    • The dress was big enough for me.
    • She's not experienced enough for this job.
    • The coffee was too hot for me.
    • The dress was too small for her.

       我們也可以 'to + 不定式' 用于 enough 和 too +形容詞(副詞)之后

    Example:

    • The coffee was too hot to drink.
    • He didn't work hard enough to pass the exam.
    • She's not old enough to get married.
    • You're too young to have grandchildren!

      3)Very 用于形容詞及副詞之前使語氣更強烈.

    例如:

    • The girl was very beautiful. (形容詞)
    • He worked very quickly. (副詞)

    注意! too 和 very的用法上有巨大的差異.

    • Very 表示事實:
      He speaks very quickly.
    • Too 則暗示有問題:
      He speaks too quickly (for me to understand).

    其他類似 very 的副詞:

    extremely, especially, particularly, pretty, rather, quite, fairly, rather, not especially, not particularly.

    注意: rather 可以是肯定或否定,取決與它修飾的形容詞及副詞:

    肯定: The teacher was rather nice
    否定: The film was rather disappointing.

    注意在倒裝句中的否定副詞:

    通常主語放于動詞之前:

    主語 動詞

    I
    She

    left
    goes

    然而,有的否定副詞引起倒裝句--動詞需置于主語之前

    例如:

    I have never seen such courage. Never have I seen such courage.

    She rarely left the house. Rarely did she leave the house.

    還有類似的詞及短語需要使用倒裝句:

    seldom, scarcely, hardly, not only .....but also, no sooner .....than, not until, under no circumstances

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