|
定語從句的關系詞可分為關系代詞和關系副詞兩大類。關系代詞起著代詞和連詞的作用，而關系副詞起著副詞(或介詞短語)和連詞的作用。 ◆ 關系代詞that、which、who(m)、whose引導定語從句 1) 關系代詞that只能用于限定性定語從句，并在從句中作主語或賓語(不可作介詞的賓語)。例如： Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago?(2005北京春) A. whereB. when C. that D. what 解析：C。先行詞是the chicken farm，定語從句缺賓語，所以應用關系代詞that、which或省略關系代詞，選C。本題所給選項中，where、when都是關系副詞，而what不能指代地點。 2) 關系代詞which可引導非限定性定語從句，作從句的主語或賓語，指代整個主句或主句中的部分內容；此時，其引導的定語從句一般位于主句后面，常譯為“這(那) 件事……”。例如： His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream. (2007 上海) A. which B. that C. whereD. it 解析：答案選A。關系代詞which在從句中作主語，指代整個主句。 注意：That和which作關系代詞，引導定語從句時的主要區(qū)別為：which可用于非限定性定語從句中，指代物或整個主句或主句中的一部分，也可以用于介詞之后；而that則不能用于上述兩種結構中。 3) 關系代詞who和whom引導定語從句，都可用于指人，用法類似。區(qū)別主要在于：whom在從句中只能作賓語；而who在從句中可以作主語，也可以代替在從句中擔任賓格的whom，但它的前面不能有介詞；如果用于介詞后指人時，必須用賓格的whom。在非限定性定語從句中，whom不可用that或who替代。例如： Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don't. (2006北京) A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填; 不填 解析：C。兩處空格后均為定語從句，均缺少關系詞。第一個定語從句的先行詞是woman，要用關系代詞引導從句，同時該從句中缺主語，用who；第二個定語從句的先行詞是those，在句中指人，其定語從句也缺少主語，用who。所以選C。 4) Whose引導定語從句時，其后應緊跟一個名詞，構成名詞短語，即“whose + 名詞”的形式；whose引導的定語從句，其先行詞不僅可指人，還可指物；若指物時，還可用of which代替，但詞序不同，即“whose + 名詞 = the + 名詞 + of which”。例如： ·Look out! Don't get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair. (2006福建) A. whose B. which C. of which D. what 解析：A。關系代詞whose意為“……的”，表示所屬關系，在定語從句中作定語，修飾從句的主語roof；從句中whose roof 指的是the house's roof。由于roof前缺少修飾限定詞，故此處不能用of which代替。 ·Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable. (2000上海) A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 解析：B。先行詞為“an ancient Chinese vase”，而定語從句講述的是這個vase的price如何如何，同時，從句缺少主語，所以要用whose price或the price of which來引導從句。 ◆關系副詞where、when、why引導定語從句 關系副詞where、when、why引導的定語從句，分別在從句中充當?shù)攸c、時間、原因狀語。 · If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005 上海) A. that B. which C. when D. where 解析：D。先行詞是chairs，在定語從句中作地點狀語，要用where，相當于“in which”。 ·We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer. (2003 北京) A. which B. that C. whose D. when 解析：D。先行詞是age，when引導定語從句，在從句中作時間狀語。 ◆As引導定語從句 1) As用于限定性定語從句，并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或狀語，構成the same...as、such...as等結構。例如： · I like the same book as you do. (as作賓語) · I've never seen such a clever boy as he is. (as作表語) · I shall do it in the same way as you did. (as作狀語) · These houses are sold at such a low price _____ people expected. (2000 上海春) A. like B. as C. that D. which 解析：答案選B。As在定語從句中作expected的賓語。 2) As引導非限定性定語從句，作從句的主語、表語或賓語，用來指代整個主句的內容，常譯為“正如……”。但不同于which，as引導的定語從句既可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后，還可位于主句中間。例如： ·The Beatles, _____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (2006 天津) A. what B. that C. how D. as 解析：D。As代表整個主句The Beatles came from Liverpool，作定語從句中remember的賓語。 ·____ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the countries are making progress. (2004 北京) A. It B. As C. That D. What 解析：B。As代表整個主句talks between the countries are making progress，作定語從句中的主語。句意為：正如報紙上所報道的那樣，各國的會談取得了進展。 ● 關系詞的省略 ● ◆限定性定語從句中關系詞的省略 1) 關系代詞的省略：當關系代詞that、who(m)、which在作從句謂語動詞的賓語時，可以省略；但是whom和which若在從句中作介詞的賓語時，不可以省略。例如： ·— Do you have anything to say for yourselves? (2006 江西) — Yes, there's one point _______ we must insist on. A. why B. where C. how D. / 解析：D。該題中的先行詞是one point，定語從句we must insist on前省略了作賓語的關系代詞which或that。 ·— Why does she always ask you for help? — There is no one else ______, is there? (2005 北京) A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn 解析：B。該題中的先行詞是no one else，she can turn to前省略了作賓語的關系代詞whom或who；值得注意的是, 本句還可以寫成to whom she can turn。 2) 關系副詞的省略： ①The time、every time、each time、the moment等后的關系副詞可省略。例如：By the time (when) he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by himself. ②在某些表示地點的名詞(如the place)后，關系副詞有時也可以省略。例如：This is the place (where) we met years ago. ③先行詞the reason后面的關系副詞可省略。例如：The reason (why) he did that is quite clear. ④當先行詞是way時，關系副詞常常省略。例如：I appreciate the way (that) you teach us. ·What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it. (2004 湖北) A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 解析：A。根據(jù)句意該用the way，所以在A和D中選擇。然后考查the way后接定語從句的用法，具體用法有三種：(1)用in which引導；(2)用that引導；(3)省略關系副詞。此題屬于第三種用法，應選A。 ◆非限定性定語從句中關系詞的省略 非限定性定語從句中的關系代詞不可以省略，并且指物只能用which，指人只能用who(主格)/whom(賓格)，不能用that。例如： ·Anyway, that evening, ______ I'll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place. (2004 浙江) A. when B. where C. what D. which 解析：D。這是一個非限定性定語從句，which在定語從句中作about的賓語，不能省略。 ·The famous basketball star, ____ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002 北京春) A. where B. when C. which D. who 解析：D。先行詞為The famous basketball star，表示人，所以關系詞要用who；同時，who在從句中作主語，不可以省略。 ● 從句的位置 ● 一般來說，定語從句總是緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后，比較容易找出從句；但有時，定語從句和先行詞會被介詞或其他成分分隔，從而給從句的辨別帶來一定的難度。下面，就來看從句和先行詞被分隔開的兩種情況。 ◆被介詞分隔 定語從句和先行詞被介詞分隔，實際上也就是關系詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語。此時，關系詞多和介詞一起放在先行詞和從句之間。用于這種情況的關系代詞一般為which(指物)和whom(指人)，that一般不能放在介詞之后。例如： · He was educated at a local high school, ____ he went on to Beijing University. (2007 江蘇) A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that 解析：A。根據(jù)從句的意思確定是介詞after“在……之后”，which在此指代整個主句He was educated at a local high school，故答案選A。 · Frank's dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands. (2005 湖南) A. that B. in which C. by which D. how 解析：B。該題是考查“介詞+ 關系代詞+ 動詞不定式”的特殊結構，它可以還原為：Frank's dream was to have his own shop in which he could produce the workings of his own hands. 注意：有時候關系副詞when和where也可以用在介詞之后，如since when、by when和from where等。例如： · The book was written in 1946, ____ the education system has witnessed great changes. (2007 山東) A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when 解析：D。根據(jù)從句的意思確定是選since when，when在此指代時間狀語1946。 ◆被其他成分分隔 一般來說，定語從句總是緊跟著它所修飾的先行詞，但有時候定語從句如果緊接先行詞會引起主句頭重腳輕或句意分隔等問題，此時，從句和先行詞被其他成分分隔。例如： · The village has developed a lot _____ we learned farming two years ago. (2007 福建) A. when B. which C. that D. where 解析：選D。定語從句where we learned farming two years ago修飾它的先行詞the village，中間被謂語has developed a lot隔開。 · After graduation she reached a point in her career _____ she needed to decide what to do. (2007 江西) A. that B. what C. which D. where 解析：選D。定語從句where she needed to decide what to do修飾它的先行詞a point，中間被定語in her career隔開。 除了以上考查定語從句自身所包含的一些考點，在高考英語中，定語從句有時也結合其他考點進行考查。最常見的有：在強調結構的省略句型中考查定語從句關系詞的選擇。例如： ·— Where did you get to know her? — It was on the farm ____ we worked. (2007 山東) A. that B. there C. which D. where 解析：D。該題很容易誤選A。解題時，先還原句子：It was on the farm (where we worked) that I got to know her. 還原后，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)：原來這個句子主句實際上是強調結構“It was...that”省略了that I got to know her?？崭裉幍脑~實際上要引導一個定語從句，修飾限定farm。 以上是對高考英語中定語從句常見考點的分析，希望能對大家學習定語從句有所幫助。 |
|
|
