強(qiáng)調(diào)句型基本構(gòu)成：It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分 + who(強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時)/that （強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是人也可以是事物）+ 原句剩余部分

[例句1]

I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.

→It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)

→It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語)

→It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.(強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語)

→It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)

[例句2]

He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.

→It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.

(1)、祈使句(表條件)+ or/or else/ otherwise + 主句

(2)、祈使句(表條件)+ and +主句(表結(jié)果)

[例句1]

Hurry up, or you'll be late for class.

快點(diǎn)兒，否則你上課要遲到了。

[例句2]

Work hard and you will make progress every day.

好好學(xué)習(xí)，天天向上。

…until….'直到……時候'

not…until…'直到……才……'

[例句1]

You are to stay until your mother comes back.

你得等到你媽媽回來。

The meeting was put off until ten o'clock.

會議推遲到十點(diǎn)鐘。

[例句2]

The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.

→Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.

等到湖里的魚全死光了，村民們才意識到污染是多么嚴(yán)重。

unless…'除非，如果不……'(=if…not)

[例句]

I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.

如果不下雨，我明天去。

I won't attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited).

除非被邀請，否則我不去參加的生日晚會。

(1)、主語 + was/were doing… when…'正在做某事這時……'

(2)、主語 + was/were about to do…when…=主語+was/were on the point of (doing) …when…'正要去做某事這時……'

(3)、主語 + had done… when… '剛剛做完某事這時...'

[例句1]

I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.

我正在河邊行走，這時我突然聽到一個落水男孩求救。

[例句2]

I was about to leave when it began to rain.

我剛要離開，這時下雨了。

[例句3]

I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang, announcing the class was over.

我剛做完試卷下課就鈴響了。

while：'當(dāng)/在……時候'，'盡管'、'雖然'，'然而;可是'

[例句1]

While I admit that the problem is difficult, I don't think that they can't be solved.

盡管我承認(rèn)這個問題很難，但是我并不認(rèn)為無法解決。

[例句2]

I earn only 120 dollars a week, while she earns 180 dollars. 我一星期只賺120美元，她卻賺180美元。

where:可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句、定語從句和名詞性從句。

[例句1]

Where there is a will, there is a way. （地點(diǎn)狀語從句）

有志者，事竟成。

[例句2]

That is the building where my father works. （定語從句）

那是我父親工作的大樓。

[例句3]

We could see the runners very well from where we stood.（賓語從句）

從我們所站的地方能很清楚地看到賽跑的選手。

what：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在句子里可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語。

[例句1]

What is most important in life isn't money. （主語從句）

人生最重要的并非是金錢。

[例句2]

Will you show me what you bought? （賓語從句）

可以把你所買的東西給我看一下嗎?

[例句3]

Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago. （表語從句）

Mary已經(jīng)不是10年前的她了。

as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句

[注意1]as通常只指整個句子的內(nèi)容，不表示部分內(nèi)容。

[注意2]as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句通常指'事先可以預(yù)料到的'，'料想到的'，表達(dá)'好'的方面。

[例句]

This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告訴過你，這也是你工作的一部分。

The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 從那人說話的樣子可明顯看出，他是個老師。

which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句

which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可以指整個句子內(nèi)容，也可以指句子的部分內(nèi)容(如單詞或詞組等)。

[例句]

Yellowstone National Park, which is in Wyoming, is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world.

黃石國家公園位于懷俄明州，是世界上最美麗的國家公園之一。

She changed her mind again, which made us all angry. 她又改變了主意，這使我們大家都生氣了。

疑問詞+ever （whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever,whenever, wherever,however)：既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

[例句]

We will do whatever we can to help him out. （賓語從句）

我們要盡力幫助他擺脫困境。

Whatever (=No matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope.（讓步狀語從句）

無論發(fā)生什么事，我們都不能失去希望。

[注意]：“No matter+疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

完全倒裝句型(1)

here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副詞放在句首，句子需要全部倒裝

[例句]

There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了!

Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽車來了。

Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.

我們期盼的時候到了。

完全倒裝句型(2)

表示方位的介詞短語放在句首，句子完全倒裝，此時謂語動詞多為be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. 不及物動詞。

[例句]

On a hill in front of them stands a great castle.

在他們面前的山上矗立著一座巨大的城堡。

In front of the house stopped a police car.

房子的全面停著一輛警車。

Under the tree sat a boy of about ten.

在樹下坐著一個大約10歲的男孩。

部分倒裝句型(1)

否定意義的副詞或短語放在句首，句子半倒裝。

主要有：little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no means(決不), at no time(在任何時候都不)，nowhere, in no case (無論如何都不);not in the least (=not at all) , on no condition(決不) 等。

[例句]

Never shall I forget you.

我絕不會忘記你。

At no time was the man aware of what was happening.

那個人根本沒有注意到發(fā)生的情況。

Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.

我那時幾乎沒有明白他給我說的話。

Not a single mistake did he make in the exam.

他在考試中沒有犯一個錯誤。

部分倒裝句型(2)

only + 狀語（副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句）

[例句1]

Only then did I realize the importance of English.

那個時候我才意識到英語的重要性。

[例句2]

Only in this way can you speak English well.

只有用這種方式你才能說好英語。

[例句3]

Only when I got to know him, did I know I had been wrong before.

只有當(dāng)我開始了解他的時候，我才知道我之前一直都錯了。