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1 為政: 子曰：“為政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而眾星共之?！? 為政: 孔子說(shuō)：“管理國(guó)家要以身做則。如同北極星，安然不動(dòng)而衆(zhòng)星繞之?！? Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.' 2 為政: 子曰：“詩(shī)三百，一言以蔽之，曰‘思無(wú)邪’。” 為政: 孔子說(shuō)：“《詩(shī)經(jīng)》三百首，用一句話可以概括，即：‘思想純潔’?！?br>Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence - 'Having no depraved thoughts.'' 3 為政: 子曰：“道之以政，齊之以刑，民免而無(wú)恥；道之以德，齊之以禮，有恥且格。” 為政: 孔子說(shuō)：“以政令來(lái)管理，以刑法來(lái)約束，百姓雖不敢犯罪，但不以犯罪為恥；以道德來(lái)引導(dǎo)，以禮法來(lái)約束，百姓不僅遵紀(jì)守法，而且引以為榮?！?br>Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame. If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and moreover will become good.' 4 為政: 子曰：“吾十有五而志于學(xué)，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳順，七十而從心所欲，不逾矩?！? 為政: 孔子說(shuō)：“我十五歲立志于學(xué)習(xí)，三十歲有所建樹(shù)，四十歲不困惑，五十理解自然規(guī)律，六十明辨是非，七十隨心所欲，不違規(guī)?！?br>Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. At thirty, I stood firm. At forty, I had no doubts. At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven. At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth. At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right.' 5 為政: 孟懿子問(wèn)孝。子曰：“無(wú)違?！狈t御，子告之曰：“孟孫問(wèn)孝于我，我對(duì)曰‘無(wú)違’?！狈t曰：“何謂也？”子曰：“生事之以禮；死葬之以禮，祭之以禮。” 為政: 孟懿子問(wèn)孝，孔子說(shuō)：“不違禮?！狈t駕車(chē)時(shí)，孔子告訴他：“孟孫問(wèn)孝于我，我說(shuō)：‘不違禮’。”樊遲說(shuō)：“什麼意思？”孔子說(shuō)：“活著時(shí)按禮侍奉；死之后按禮安葬、按禮紀(jì)念?！?br>Wei Zheng: Meng Yi asked what filial piety was. The Master said, 'It is not being disobedient.' Soon after, as Fan Chi was driving him, the Master told him, saying, 'Meng-sun asked me what filial piety was, and I answered him, - 'not being disobedient.'' Fan Chi said, 'What did you mean?' The Master replied, 'That parents, when alive, be served according to propriety; that, when dead, they should be buried according to propriety; and that they should be sacrificed to according to propriety.' 6 為政: 孟武伯問(wèn)孝。子曰：“父母唯其疾之憂?！? 為政: 孟武伯問(wèn)孝，孔子說(shuō)：“關(guān)心父母的健康?！?br>Wei Zheng: Meng Wu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, 'Parents are anxious lest their children should be sick.' 7 為政: 子游問(wèn)孝。子曰：“今之孝者，是謂能養(yǎng)。至于犬馬，皆能有養(yǎng)；不敬，何以別乎？” 為政: 子游問(wèn)孝，孔子說(shuō)：“現(xiàn)在的孝順，只是能贍養(yǎng)老人。即使是犬馬，都會(huì)得到飼養(yǎng)。不敬重，有何區(qū)別？” Wei Zheng: Zi You asked what filial piety was. The Master said, 'The filial piety nowadays means the support of one's parents. But dogs and horses likewise are able to do something in the way of support; - without reverence, what is there to distinguish the one support given from the other?' 8 為政: 子夏問(wèn)孝。子曰：“色難。有事弟子服其勞，有酒食先生饌，曾是以為孝乎？” 為政: 子夏問(wèn)孝，孔子說(shuō)：“和顏悅色很難。有事情，子女都去做；有酒肉，老人隨便吃；這樣就是孝嗎？” Wei Zheng: Zi Xia asked what filial piety was. The Master said, 'The difficulty is with the countenance. If, when their elders have any troublesome affairs, the young take the toil of them, and if, when the young have wine and food, they set them before their elders, is THIS to be considered filial piety?' 9 為政: 子曰：“吾與回言終日，不違如愚。退而省其私，亦足以發(fā)。回也，不愚?！? 為政: 孔子說(shuō)：“我曾整天同顏回談話，他從不反駁，象笨人。后來(lái)觀察，發(fā)現(xiàn)他理解透徹、發(fā)揮自如，他不笨?！?br>Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'I have talked with Hui for a whole day, and he has not made any objection to anything I said - as if he were stupid. He has retired, and I have examined his conduct when away from me, and found him able to illustrate my teachings. Hui! - He is not stupid.' 10 為政: 子曰：“視其所以，觀其所由，察其所安。人焉廋哉？人焉廋哉？” 為政: 孔子說(shuō)：“分析其動(dòng)機(jī)，觀察其行動(dòng)，了解其態(tài)度；人藏哪去？人藏哪去？” Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'See what a man does. Mark his motives. Examine in what things he rests. How can a man conceal his character? How can a man conceal his character?' 11 為政: 子曰：“溫故而知新，可以為師矣?！? 為政: 孔子說(shuō)：“溫習(xí)舊知識(shí)時(shí)，能有新收獲，就可以做老師了?！?br>Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.' 12 為政: 子曰：“君子不器。” 為政: 孔子說(shuō)：“君子不能象器皿一樣，只有一種用途?！?br>Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'The accomplished scholar is not a utensil.' 13 為政: 子貢問(wèn)君子。子曰：“先行其言，而后從之?！? 為政: 子貢問(wèn)君子，孔子說(shuō)：“先將要說(shuō)的做出來(lái)，然后再說(shuō)。” Wei Zheng: Zi Gong asked what constituted the superior man. The Master said, 'He acts before he speaks, and afterwards speaks according to his actions.' 14 為政: 子曰：“君子周而不比，小人比而不周?！? 為政: 孔子說(shuō)：“君子團(tuán)結(jié)群衆(zhòng)而不拉幫結(jié)派，小人拉幫結(jié)派而不團(tuán)結(jié)群衆(zhòng)?！?br>Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'The superior man is catholic and not partisan. The mean man is partisan and not catholic.' 15 為政: 子曰：“學(xué)而不思則罔，思而不學(xué)則殆?！? 為政: 孔子說(shuō)：“讀書(shū)不想事，越學(xué)越糊涂；想事不讀書(shū)，越想越頭痛。” Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous.' 16 為政: 子曰：“攻乎異端，斯害也已！” 為政: 孔子說(shuō)：“走入異端邪說(shuō)中，就是禍害?！?br>Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'The study of strange doctrines is injurious indeed!' 17 為政: 子曰：“由！誨女知之乎？知之為知之，不知為不知，是知也?！? 為政: 孔子說(shuō)：“子路啊，我告訴你，知道嗎？知道的就是知道的，不知道的就是不知道的，這就關(guān)于知道的真諦。” Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'You, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it - this is knowledge.' 18 為政: 子張學(xué)干祿。子曰：“多聞闕疑，慎言其馀，則寡尤；多見(jiàn)闕殆，慎行其馀，則寡悔。言寡尤，行寡悔，祿在其中矣?！? 為政: 子張學(xué)做官，孔子說(shuō)：“多聽(tīng)，不要說(shuō)沒(méi)把握的話，即使有把握，說(shuō)話也要謹(jǐn)慎，就能減少錯(cuò)誤；多看，不要做沒(méi)把握的事，即使有把握，行動(dòng)也要謹(jǐn)慎，則能減少后悔。說(shuō)話錯(cuò)少，行動(dòng)悔少，就能當(dāng)好官了?！?br>Wei Zheng: Zi Zhang was learning with a view to official emolument. The Master said, 'Hear much and put aside the points of which you stand in doubt, while you speak cautiously at the same time of the others - then you will afford few occasions for blame. See much and put aside the things which seem perilous, while you are cautious at the same time in carrying the others into practice - then you will have few occasions for repentance. When one gives few occasions for blame in his words, and few occasions for repentance in his conduct, he is in the way to get emolument.' 19 為政: 哀公問(wèn)曰：“何為則民服？”孔子對(duì)曰：“舉直錯(cuò)諸枉，則民服；舉枉錯(cuò)諸直，則民不服。” 為政: 哀公問(wèn)：“怎樣使人心服？”孔子說(shuō)：“以正壓邪，則人心服；以邪壓正，則人心不服?！?br>Wei Zheng: The Duke Ai asked, saying, 'What should be done in order to secure the submission of the people?' Confucius replied, 'Advance the upright and set aside the crooked, then the people will submit. Advance the crooked and set aside the upright, then the people will not submit.' 20 為政: 季康子問(wèn)：“使民敬、忠以勸，如之何？”子曰：“臨之以莊則敬，孝慈則忠，舉善而教不能，則勸?！? 為政: 季康子問(wèn)：“怎樣使人尊敬、忠誠(chéng)、勤勉？”孔子說(shuō)：“舉止端莊，能贏得尊敬；敬老愛(ài)幼，能贏得忠誠(chéng)；任用賢良、培養(yǎng)人才，能使人勤勉?！?br>Wei Zheng: Ji Kang asked how to cause the people to reverence their ruler, to be faithful to him, and to go on to nerve themselves to virtue. The Master said, 'Let him preside over them with gravity; then they will reverence him. Let him be final and kind to all; then they will be faithful to him. Let him advance the good and teach the incompetent; then they will eagerly seek to be virtuous.' 21 為政: 或謂孔子曰：“子奚不為政？”子曰：“《書(shū)》云：‘孝乎惟孝、友于兄弟，施于有政?！且酁檎善錇闉檎?？” 為政: 有人問(wèn)孔子：“先生為何不從政？”孔子說(shuō)：“孝啊，就是孝順父母、兄弟友愛(ài)，以這種品德影響政治，這就是參政，難道只有做官才算從政？” Wei Zheng: Some one addressed Confucius, saying, 'Sir, why are you not engaged in the government?' The Master said, 'What does the Shu Jing say of filial piety? - 'You are final, you discharge your brotherly duties. These qualities are displayed in government.' This then also constitutes the exercise of government. Why must there be THAT - making one be in the government?' 22 為政: 子曰：“人而無(wú)信，不知其可也。大車(chē)無(wú)輗，小車(chē)無(wú)軏，其何以行之哉？” 為政: 孔子說(shuō)：“人無(wú)信譽(yù)，不知能干什麼？就象大車(chē)沒(méi)有車(chē)軸，小車(chē)沒(méi)有車(chē)軸，怎麼能啟動(dòng)？” Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'I do not know how a man without truthfulness is to get on. How can a large carriage be made to go without the crossbar for yoking the oxen to, or a small carriage without the arrangement for yoking the horses?' 23 為政: 子張問(wèn)：“十世可知也？”子曰：“殷因于夏禮，所損益，可知也；周因于殷禮，所損益，可知也；其或繼周者，雖百世可知也?！? 為政: 子張問(wèn)：“十代以后的社會(huì)制度和道德規(guī)范可以知道嗎？”孔子說(shuō)：“商朝繼承夏朝，改動(dòng)了多少，可以知道；周朝繼承商朝，改動(dòng)了多少，也可以知道；以后的朝代繼承周朝，即使百代，同樣可以推測(cè)。” Wei Zheng: Zi Zhang asked whether the affairs of ten ages after could be known. Confucius said, 'The Yin dynasty followed the regulations of the Xia; wherein it took from or added to them may be known. The Zhou dynasty has followed the regulations of Yin; wherein it took from or added to them may be known. Some other may follow the Zhou, but though it should be at the distance of a hundred ages, its affairs may be known.' 24 為政: 子曰：“非其鬼而祭之，諂也。見(jiàn)義不為，無(wú)勇也?！? 為政: 孔子說(shuō)：“祭奠別人的先人，是諂媚；遇到符合道義的事不敢做，是懦夫。” Wei Zheng: The Master said, 'For a man to sacrifice to a spirit which does not belong to him is flattery. To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage.' |
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來(lái)自： Jennifered > 《儒家經(jīng)典》
