【考點6】till和until的典型用法。        

【考例】

1. 'You can't have this football back ____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,' the old man said firmly. （廣東卷06-31）A.because            B.since                

   C. when              D. until

2.A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners' curiosity ____ he reaches the end of the story.(2003上海高考)

A. when B. unless 

C. after  D. until

3.It was not ______ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.('92)
  A. when, that B. until, that 

C. until, when D. where, then

4.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____we’ve actually had that lesson.（07天津卷-8）
  A．until         B．after          

C．since          D．when

5. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back.（08北京卷34）

 A. before    B. since    

C.till    D. after

【透視】DDBAA   1.你將不能拿回這足球，直到你承諾不再把它踢向我的貓。

2.主句謂語動詞hold是延續(xù)性動詞，根據(jù)句意：一個優(yōu)秀的講故事的人必須能夠把聽眾的好奇心保持到他講完故事為止。本題選D正確。3.B.對not．．． until句型進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時，常用It is／was not until．．．that．．．結(jié)構(gòu)。

【超鏈接】此兩個連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思是'做某事直至某時'，動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是'直至某時才做某事'。動詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可　以。正確使用這兩個連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。

句型: 肯定句：till／until用于肯定句中，主句用延續(xù)性動詞；  

      1.stand( stay, talk, wait等延續(xù)性動詞) +until/till 

      2.  Until +clause (or phrase of time) + S +...( 位于句首時只能用until)；

      否定句：用于否定句中，主句用瞬時性動詞；            

      3. not open(start, leave, arrive, finish, stop等瞬間性動詞) +until/till 

      4. Not until+ clause (or phrase of time) +助動詞 +主語 +動詞...

         not until位于句首時，主句的主謂部分倒裝；

      5.It was not until ...that ...
I slept until midnight. 

我一直睡到半夜時醒了。
Wait till I call you.

等著我叫你。
（在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）
She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.
她直到6點才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.

直到你教我后，我才會做。
2)Until when 疑問句中，until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying?　

你呆到什么時候？
--- Until next Monday.　

呆到下周一?！?/span>
注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。
(1）Not until …在句首，主句用倒裝。
Not until the early years of the 15th century did man know what heat is.
　　直到15 世紀(jì)初，人類才知道熱能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much timeI had wasted.
直到我開始工作，我才認(rèn)識到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。
(2)It is not until… that…
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

until一詞在中學(xué)階段出現(xiàn)的頻率較高,因而突破它在使用上的三個難點顯得尤為重要?，F(xiàn)分述如下:

　　一、until與by的區(qū)別

1. by表示在某特定的時間之前或不遲于某特定的時間,意為'最遲在;不遲于'或'在……之前'等。如:

①I will finish my task by nine.我將在九點鐘前完成任務(wù)。

②The plane takes off at 10:00, so you must try to be at the airport by 9:30.

飛機(jī)在十點鐘起飛,所以你必須在九點半趕到機(jī)場。

2. until用在肯定句,謂語動詞通常是延續(xù)性動詞,如stand,stay, talk, wait等,表示主句動作終止的時間。如:

③I waited until he came back.

我一直等到他回來。

④The war lasted until 1945.

戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)到1945年。

　　如果用在否定句,謂語動詞通常是瞬間性動詞,如open, start, leave, arrive, finish, stop等,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動作開始的時間。如:

⑤I didn't leave the boy until his mother turned up.

直到這孩子的母親來,我才離開。

⑥The noise of the street didn't stop until it was midnight.

街上的噪音直到半夜才停止。

　　二、until與before的區(qū)別

1.可直接換用的情況:在until能使用的句型中,即主句含有否定式終止性謂語動詞或肯定式延續(xù)性動詞,可與before直接替換,意義差別不大。如:

①The students won't go home until/ before they finish their homework.

學(xué)生們要先完成作業(yè)才能回家。

②The woman worked in the factory until/before 1990. 

1990年以前這婦女在這家工廠上班。

2.不可換用的情況:當(dāng)主句含有肯定式終止性謂語動詞時,只能用before不能用until,且before常意為'沒來得及……'或'……才……'等。如:

③Einstein almost knocked me downbefore he saw me.

愛因斯坦差不多將我撞倒才看見了我。

④He had measured me before I couldget in a word.

我還沒來得及插話,他就把我的尺寸量好了。

　　三、not until的倒裝與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)

1. 當(dāng)Not until位于句首時,句子要倒裝。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:

   Not until+從句/表時間的詞+助動詞+(主句)主語+謂語+...。如:

①Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.

直到老師進(jìn)來學(xué)生們才停止講話。

②Not until next week will the sports meet be held.

直到下周才開運動會。

2. not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)為:

It is/ was not until+從句/表時間的詞+that+...。上面兩句改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句為:

③It was not until the teacher camein that the students stopped talking.

④It is not until next week thatthe sports meet will be held.

【精練1】判斷正誤，若有錯，請改正。
1． I didn't manage to do it till you had explained how． 
2． It was until midnight that I went to sleep last night．
3． Till he returns nothing can be done．
4． Not until I began to work didn't I realize how muchtime I had wasted． 
Keys: 1.去掉had 2.在was和until之間加not 3.Till 改為Until4. didn't改為did

【精練2】 
1.Go straight on ______ you come to the post office and then turn left.
  A. when B. while 

C. unless D. till
2.______  we have thought it over , we’ll take______  steps.
 A．Till, not   B．When , no  

C．Until,any    D．Until,no  

3.Simon thought his computer was broken ____ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on.

 A. until  B. since  

C. after  D. because

4.It was not until I ____ your letter that I ____the true state of affairs.

  A. have read, understand    

B. read, had understood

  C. had read, understood     

D. had read, would understand
5. The war with Japan lasted eight years            theChinese won.

   A.before      B.until                          

C. since        D. after

6.The teacher told us not to take the equipment out of the laboratory until _____.

 A. allowed to be taken  

B. allowed to  

C. allowing to take  

D.allowing to

【答案與簡析】DDACA B．4.這句的意思是“我讀了你的信我才懂……”，是先讀信，才懂的，因此讀信用“had read”。

【經(jīng)典辨析】until;unless

【考例】

 1.Owen wouldn't eat anything ____ he cooked it himself.（四川卷09-12）

 A. until     B. since   

C. unless   D.while

 2.______you told me, I heard nothing of what had happened.

  A.Unless  B. Until   

C. After  D. When

 3.—Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?

  —Yes.He had never praised him          he became one of the top students in his grade.

  A.after      B.unless      

C.until      D. when

 4.I had no idea about it ______ he told me. 
   A. until       B. unless 

   C. except  D. if

 5.The problem will appear ____ a different welfare system will be created.

  A. unless  B. whether  

  C. until      D. if

CBCAB