一、動(dòng)詞的三單變化

【三單就是he，she，it；以及可以用he，she，it代替的名詞。】

當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加'-s'或'-es'。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。

動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則

1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks

2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies

語(yǔ)法 | 基礎(chǔ)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化一覽（口訣版）

二、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化

名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化是:

①一般在詞尾加“s”如:desk+s [-ks] bag+s [-gz] bed+s[-dz] hat+s [-ts]

②以字母 s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)，通常在詞尾加“es”，如：bus+es [-iz] box+es [-iz] brush+es [-iz] watch + es [-iz]

③以字母o結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù), 一般在詞尾加“s”,也有加es的,如:photo+s [-z] tomato+es [-z]

④以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞一般變f或fe為v再加es,例如:

knife─knives[-vz] leaf─leaves [-vz]

⑤以'輔音字母+y'結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)改y為i,再加es, 如: baby ─ babies factory─factories

1、單復(fù)數(shù)同形

Chinese-chinese Japanese-japanese sheep -sheep deer -deer

2、 this 這個(gè)these這些(復(fù)數(shù)) that那個(gè) those那些(復(fù)數(shù)) I 我 we我們(復(fù)數(shù)) he他 she她 it它 they他、它、她們(復(fù)數(shù)) am ，is是 are(復(fù)數(shù))

3、其他常見(jiàn)不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：

man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice

child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

例：There are ____ in the field. They're eating grass.

A. a horse B. much horses

C. many horse D. many horses

答案：D

例：Look at the _____. You can see ____ and ______.

A. photos; potatoes, tomatoes,radioes

B. photoes; potatoes, tomatoes, radios

C. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radios

D. photoes; potatos, tomatos, radioes

答案：C

名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化就需要我們記憶了

child ─children fish─fish foot─feet

man ─ men woman ─ women tooth ─ teeth

sheep ─ sheep

注意：某些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,例如:people (人們) clothes (衣服) trousers (褲子) police (警察) glasses (眼鏡)

動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱變化規(guī)則

規(guī)則1 一般情況詞尾直接加s

e.g. like—likes, look--looks, get--gets

規(guī)則2 以o, s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾加es

e.g. go--goes, do--does, pass--passes, fix--fixes, catch--catches, wash--washes

規(guī)則3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾, 變y為i再加es

e.g. carry—carries, fly--flies

規(guī)則4 以元音字母+y結(jié)尾, 直接加s

e.g. play--plays, stay--stays, pay--pays, buy--buys

規(guī)則5 不規(guī)則變化

e.g. have--has

動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱發(fā)音規(guī)律

大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在詞尾加“S”在清輔音后發(fā)音為[s]，在濁輔音及元音后發(fā)音為[z]。如：

stop-stops [s] ; make-makes [s]

read-reads [z] ; play-plays [z]

以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的，要先將“y”變?yōu)椤癷”，然后在加“es”讀[iz] 。如：

fly-flies [z]; carry-carries [z]

study-studies [z]; worry-worries

以“s, x, ch, sh”結(jié)尾的，在詞尾加“es”，發(fā)音為[iz]。 如：

teach-teaches [iz]; watch-watches [iz]

以“o”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，加“es”，讀[z] 。如：

go-goes [z] do-does [z]

以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾的開(kāi)音節(jié)詞，如果尾音是[s]，[z]時(shí)，加“s”后字母“e”發(fā)音，與所加“s”一起讀做[iz]。 如：

close-closes [iz]

下面幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閱螖?shù)時(shí)，原詞的元音部分的發(fā)音發(fā)生了較大的變化，請(qǐng)注意記憶。如：

1、do [du:]-does [dz]

2、say [sei]-says [sez]