Linux安裝MySql8.0詳細(xì)教程

ygabg2pf4rzd4x 2022-11-01 發(fā)布于福建

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Linux 安裝MySql8.0

文章目錄

1、檢查是否已安裝MySql
2、檢查L(zhǎng)inux版本
3、下載并安裝MySql
4、MySql修改密碼及登錄
5、設(shè)置編碼格式
6、設(shè)置MySql開機(jī)啟動(dòng)
7、開放3306端口
8、Navicat Premium測(cè)試連接操作MySql
9、卸載刪除MySql

1、檢查是否已安裝MySql

檢查L(zhǎng)inux系統(tǒng)中是否已經(jīng)安裝了mysql，如果有，則使用rpm -e命令先卸載刪除。

rpm -qa | grep mysql

如果沒(méi)有任何輸出，則表示未安裝，如果有則輸入以下命令進(jìn)行刪除：

rpm  -e  需要卸載的rpm包

如果刪除時(shí)提示有依賴，則輸入強(qiáng)制刪除命令：

rpm  -e  需要卸載的rpm包  --nodeps

2、檢查L(zhǎng)inux版本

查看當(dāng)前Linux的版本信息：

cat /etc/redhat-release

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我的版本為： CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

3、下載并安裝MySql

3.1查看MySql Yum存儲(chǔ)庫(kù)

MySQL Yum存儲(chǔ)庫(kù)： https://dev./downloads/repo/yum/

在這里插入圖片描述

3.2下載mysql的rpm文件

3.2.1使用mkdir命令創(chuàng)建mysql文件夾

在 /opt/software目錄下創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名稱為mysql的文件夾。如果你/opt目錄下還沒(méi)有software文件目錄，則先創(chuàng)建software目錄：

mkdir software
cd software
mkdir mysql

博主這里之前創(chuàng)建過(guò)software目錄，所以直接打開該目錄輸入mkdir mysql 就可以創(chuàng)建mysql的文件夾了

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3.2.2使用wget命令將mysql的rpm文件下載到剛創(chuàng)建的mysql文件夾中：

wget https://dev./get/mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

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查看mysql文件夾中的mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm文件

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3.3開始安裝mysql源

3.3.1使用sudo rpm -Uvh命令安裝mysql源:

sudo rpm -Uvh mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

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3.3.2執(zhí)行成功后會(huì)在/etc/yum.repos.d/目錄下生成兩個(gè)repo文件

① mysql-community.repo
② mysql-community-source.repo

3.4檢查MySql是否安裝成功

3.4.1打開/etc/yum.repos.d/目錄下檢查MySql是否安裝成功:

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

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3.5查看系統(tǒng)中mysql相關(guān)資源

yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

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3.6安裝MySql服務(wù)端

3.6.1輸入 sudo yum install命令即可進(jìn)行MySql服務(wù)端安裝：

sudo yum install mysql-community-server

注意： 該命令會(huì)安裝MySQL服務(wù)器 (mysql-community-server) 及其所需的依賴、相關(guān)組件，包括mysql-community-client、mysql-community-common、mysql-community-libs等。安裝過(guò)程中需要進(jìn)行幾次用戶確認(rèn)，我們輸入字母y即可，時(shí)間會(huì)比較長(zhǎng)，需要耐心等待…

3.6.2以下是博主安裝過(guò)程中的相關(guān)信息，貼上以供參考：

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sudo yum install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * centos-sclo-rh: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * centos-sclo-sclo: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
centos-sclo-rh                                                                               | 3.0 kB  00:00:00     
centos-sclo-sclo                                                                             | 3.0 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                       | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                     | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 8.0.29-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-icu-data-files = 8.0.29-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 8.0.11 for package: mysql-community-server-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client-plugins = 8.0.29-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-client-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 8.0.11 for package: mysql-community-client-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mysql-community-icu-data-files.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 will be obsoleted
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7 will be obsoleting
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================================
 Package                                  Arch             Version                Repository                   Size
====================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql-community-libs                     x86_64           8.0.29-1.el7           mysql80-community           1.5 M
     replacing  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
 mysql-community-libs-compat              x86_64           8.0.29-1.el7           mysql80-community           667 k
     replacing  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
 mysql-community-server                   x86_64           8.0.29-1.el7           mysql80-community            53 M
Installing for dependencies:
 mysql-community-client                   x86_64           8.0.29-1.el7           mysql80-community            14 M
 mysql-community-client-plugins           x86_64           8.0.29-1.el7           mysql80-community           2.5 M
 mysql-community-common                   x86_64           8.0.29-1.el7           mysql80-community           633 k
 mysql-community-icu-data-files           x86_64           8.0.29-1.el7           mysql80-community           2.1 M

Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================
Install  3 Packages (+4 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 75 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages/mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
Public key for mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(1/7): mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                | 2.5 MB  00:00:04     
(2/7): mysql-community-client-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                        |  14 MB  00:00:05     
(3/7): mysql-community-common-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                        | 633 kB  00:00:00     
(4/7): mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                | 2.1 MB  00:00:00     
(5/7): mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                   | 667 kB  00:00:00     
(6/7): mysql-community-libs-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                          | 1.5 MB  00:00:01     
(7/7): mysql-community-server-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                        |  53 MB  00:00:20     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                               2.8 MB/s |  75 MB  00:00:26     
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
Importing GPG key 0x3A79BD29:
 Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
 Fingerprint: 859b e8d7 c586 f538 430b 19c2 467b 942d 3a79 bd29
 Package    : mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch (installed)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
 Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
 Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
 Package    : mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch (installed)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Installing : mysql-community-common-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                       1/8 
  Installing : mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                               2/8 
  Installing : mysql-community-libs-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                         3/8 
  Installing : mysql-community-client-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                       4/8 
  Installing : mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                               5/8 
  Installing : mysql-community-server-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                       6/8 
  Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                  7/8 
  Erasing    : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64                                                               8/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                               1/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                  2/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-client-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                       3/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                               4/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-server-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                       5/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-common-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                       6/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64                                                         7/8 
  Verifying  : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64                                                               8/8 

Installed:
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7             mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7          
  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7          

Dependency Installed:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7         mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7        
  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7         mysql-community-icu-data-files.x86_64 0:8.0.29-1.el7        

Replaced:
  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7                                                                                

Complete!

3.7啟動(dòng)服務(wù)mysql服務(wù)

3.7.1使用systemctl start mysqld.service啟動(dòng)服務(wù)

systemctl start mysqld.service

3.7.2使用systemctl status mysqld.service查看服務(wù)狀態(tài)

systemctl status  mysqld.service

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3.8停止MySql服務(wù)

systemctl stop mysqld.service

3.9重啟MySql服務(wù)

systemctl restart mysqld.service

4、MySql修改密碼及登錄

4.1查看初始化密碼：

MySQL第一次啟動(dòng)后會(huì)創(chuàng)建超級(jí)管理員賬號(hào)root@localhost，初始密碼存儲(chǔ)在日志文件中，輸入如下命令即可查看。

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

如下運(yùn)行結(jié)果中，我的密碼是（Cg%N.)huy2hc）

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-07-23T09:11:22.370522Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Cg%N.)huy2hc

4.2root賬號(hào)登錄

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4.3修改root賬號(hào)的密碼

mysql登錄成功后輸入ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';進(jìn)行密碼修改。發(fā)現(xiàn)提示Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements 時(shí)，說(shuō)明密碼太弱，在MySQL中默認(rèn)的密碼策略是要包含數(shù)字、字母及特殊字符，如果只是測(cè)試用，不想用那么復(fù)雜的密碼，可以修改默認(rèn)策略，即validate_password_policy（以及validate_password_length等相關(guān)參數(shù)），使其支持簡(jiǎn)單密碼的設(shè)定，設(shè)置密碼策略修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf，添加validate_password=OFF，保存并重啟MySQL。

這里我沒(méi)有修改密碼直接重新?lián)Q了一下密碼，設(shè)置為 Aiden@163.com

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5、設(shè)置編碼格式

5.1查看編碼

步驟1：登錄mysql

步驟2：輸入 show variables like 'character%’; 查看，如下所示：

mysql> show  variables  like 'character%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                          |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                         |
| character_set_results    | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                        |
| character_set_system     | utf8mb3                        |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql-8.0/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------+

5.2設(shè)置編碼

步驟1：輸入vim /etc/my.cnf 命令

步驟2：按 insert鍵進(jìn)入編輯模式

步驟3：編輯 /etc/my.cnf 配置文件，在[mysqld]節(jié)點(diǎn)增加以下代碼：

[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'

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步驟4：編輯完后按Esc鍵退出，最后輸入:wq 進(jìn)行保存！

6、設(shè)置MySql開機(jī)啟動(dòng)

systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl daemon-reload

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7、開放3306端口

開放端口命令語(yǔ)法：

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=端口號(hào)/tcp --permanent

命令含義：

--zone ：作用域

--add-port=端口號(hào)/tcp ：添加端口，格式為：端口/通訊協(xié)議

--permanent ：永久生效，如果沒(méi)有設(shè)置此參數(shù)，則只能維持當(dāng)前服務(wù)生命周期內(nèi)，重新啟動(dòng)后將會(huì)失效

開放端口3306示例:

[root@localhost mysql]# firewall-cmd --state
running
[root@localhost mysql]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success

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查詢3306端口是否開啟,注意需要使用firewall-cmd --reload命令重新載入配置

[root@localhost mysql]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@localhost mysql]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp
yes

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8、Navicat Premium測(cè)試連接操作MySql

步驟1：查看系統(tǒng)的ip地址

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步驟2：打開windows系統(tǒng)上安裝的Navicat Premium15

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步驟3：在新建連接的界面輸入正確的IP地址與用戶名、密碼、端口號(hào)信息

在這里插入圖片描述

步驟4：點(diǎn)擊測(cè)試連接，驗(yàn)證是否正常

注意： 在執(zhí)行此步驟時(shí)，要確保linux中是否已開放3306端口，當(dāng)過(guò)程中如果出現(xiàn)如下錯(cuò)誤，則需要修改mysql服務(wù)器中mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中user表中host列的值為%。

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1045錯(cuò)誤碼的解決方案步驟：

1、連接mysql服務(wù)器

2、進(jìn)入mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)：use mysql;

3、查看user表中的數(shù)據(jù)：select Host, User,Password from user;

4、修改user表中的Host：update user set Host='%’ where User='root’;

5、刷新授權(quán)列表：flush privileges;

mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
| localhost | root             |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| %         | root             |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

步驟5：再次嘗試測(cè)試連接

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點(diǎn)擊 “確定” 按鈕后連接就創(chuàng)建成功了 O(∩_∩)O~

步驟6：測(cè)試測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)創(chuàng)建

create database testDB;

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步驟7：測(cè)試創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表

use testDB;
create table users(
 	userId int not null primary key auto_increment comment '用戶ID',
 	userName varchar(20) not null comment '用戶名',
 	userSex char(2) not null comment '用戶性別'
) comment='用戶信息表';

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步驟8：測(cè)試為表中插入數(shù)據(jù)

use testDB;
insert into users (userName,userSex) 
values ('張三','男'),('李四','男'),('王五','男');

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步驟8：測(cè)試查詢表數(shù)據(jù)

use testDB;
select * from users;

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步驟9：使用Xshell連接Linux操作MySql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

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9、卸載刪除MySql

9.1、檢查mariadb

rpm -qa|grep mariadb

注意：如果有檢查到mariadb則刪除mariadb, 如沒(méi)有，則跳過(guò)

rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-server
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs

9.2、檢查mysql

[root@localhost ~]  rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-8.0.29-1.el7.x86_64

9.3、刪除MySql

rpm -e --nodeps xxx

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