英語四個(gè)“花費(fèi)“的區(qū)別 spend cost take pay 1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes 統(tǒng)指各種衣服,謂語動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù),cloth 指布,為不可數(shù)名詞 clothing 服裝的總稱,指一件衣服用 a piece of, an article of 2. incident, accident incident 指小事件, accident 指不幸的事故 He was killed in the accident. 3. amount, number amount 后接不可數(shù)名詞,number 后接可數(shù)名詞 a number of students 4. family, house, home home 家,包括住處和家人,house 房子,住宅,family 家庭成員。 My family is a happy one. 5. sound, voice, noise sound 自然界各種各樣的聲音,voice 人的嗓音,noise 噪音 I hate the loud noise outside. 6. photo, picture, drawing photo 用照相機(jī)拍攝的照片,picture 可指相片,圖片,電影片,drawing 畫的畫 Let's go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word vocabulary 詞匯,一個(gè)人擁有的單詞量,word 具體的單詞 He has a large vocabulary. 8. population, people population 人口,人數(shù),people 具體的人 China has a large population. 9. weather, climate weather 一天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況,climate 長(zhǎng)期的氣候狀況 The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way road 具體的公路,馬路,street 街道,path 小路,小徑,way 道路,途徑 take this road; in the street, Show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject course 課程(可包括多門科目),subject 科目(具體的學(xué)科)a summer course 12. custom, habit custom 傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗,習(xí)俗,也可指生活習(xí)慣,后接 to do,habit 生活習(xí)慣,習(xí)慣成自然,后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason cause 指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因,后接 of sth./doing sth,reason 用來解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的理由,后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practice exercise 運(yùn)動(dòng),鍛煉(不可數(shù)),exercises 練習(xí)(可數(shù)),practice(反復(fù)做的)練習(xí)。 Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson 作“課”解時(shí),兩者可以替換。指課文用 lesson. 指班級(jí)或全體學(xué)生用 class. Lesson 6; Class 5 16. speech, talk, lecture speech 指在公共場(chǎng)所所做的經(jīng)過準(zhǔn)備的較正式的演說,talk 日常生活中的一般的談話,講話,lecture學(xué)術(shù)性的演講,講課 a series of lecture on … 17. officer, official officer 部隊(duì)的軍官,official 政府官員 an army officer 18. work, job 二者均指工作。work 不可數(shù),job 可數(shù) a good job。 19. couple, pair couple 主要指人或動(dòng)物,pair 多指由兩部分組成的東西 a pair of trousers 20. country, nation, state, land country 側(cè)重指版圖,疆域,nation 指人民,國(guó)民,民族,state 側(cè)重指政府,政體,land 國(guó)土,國(guó)家 The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cooker cook 廚師,cooker 廚具 He is a good cook. 22. damage, damages damage 不可數(shù)名詞,損害,損失; damages 復(fù)數(shù)形式,賠償金 $900 damages 23. police, policeman police 警察的總稱,后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞,policeman 指某個(gè)具體的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house. 24. problem, question problem 常和困難連系,前面的動(dòng)詞常為 think about, solve, raise,question 常和疑問連系,多和ask, answer 連用。 25. man, a man man 人類,a man 一個(gè)男人 Man will conquer nature. 26. chick, chicken 二者均可指小雞,chicken 還可以當(dāng)雞肉 The chicken is delicious. 27. telegram, telegraph 當(dāng)電報(bào)解時(shí),telegram 指具體的,telegraph 指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph 28. trip, journey, travel, voyage travel 是最常用的,trip 指短期的旅途,journey 指稍長(zhǎng)的旅途,voyage 指海上航行 a three-day trip 29. sport, game sport 多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動(dòng),如打球,游泳,打獵,賽馬等;game 指決定勝負(fù)的游戲,通常有一套規(guī)則 His favorite sport is swimming. 30. price, prize price 價(jià)格,prize 獎(jiǎng),獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金 win the first prize The price is high/low. 31. a number of, the number of a number of 許多,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the number of … 的數(shù)目,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The number of students is increasing. 32. in front of, in the front of in front of 范圍外的前面,in the front of 范圍內(nèi)的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy. 33. of the day, of a day of the day 每一天的,當(dāng)時(shí)的,當(dāng)代的,of a day 暫時(shí)的,不長(zhǎng)久的 a famous scientist of the day 34. three of us, the three of us three of us 我們(不止三個(gè))中的三個(gè),the three of us 我們?nèi)齻€(gè)(就三個(gè)人)The three of us --- Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema. 35. by bus, on the bus by bus 表手段,方式,不用冠詞,on the bus 表范圍 They went there by bus. 36. for a moment, for the moment for a moment 片刻,一會(huì)兒,for the moment 暫時(shí),一時(shí) Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 37. next year, the next year next year 明年,將來時(shí)間狀語,the next year 第二年,過去將來時(shí)間狀語 He said he would go abroad the next year. 38. more than a year, more than one year more than a year 一年多,more than one year 超過一年(兩年或三年等) 39. take advice, take the(one's) advice take advice 征求意見,take the advice 接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again. 40. take air, take the air take air 傳播,走漏,take the air 到戶外去,散步 We take the air every day. 41. in a word, in words in a word 總之,一句話, in words 口頭上 In a word, you are right. 42. in place of, in the place of in place of 代替,in the place of 在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one. 43. in secret, in the secret in secret 秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作狀語;in the secret 知道內(nèi)情,知道秘密,一般用作表語 My mother was in the secret from the beginning. 44. a girl, one girl a girl 可泛指所有女孩, one girl 一個(gè)女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box? 45. take a chair, take the chair take a chair 相當(dāng)于 sit down 坐下,take the chair 開始開會(huì) 46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea go to sea出航或是當(dāng)水手,by sea 經(jīng)海路,by the sea在海邊 47. wear, put on, dress wear 和 dress 表狀態(tài), wear 接衣服等,可用進(jìn)行時(shí),dress 接人,be dressed in, put on 表動(dòng)作 It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes. 48. listen, hear listen 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,hear 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果 I listened, but I heard nothing. 49. care about, care for care about 關(guān)心,計(jì)較,在乎,一般多用于否定句中;care for 關(guān)心,照料,喜歡,愿意 He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies. 50. in charge of, in the charge of in charge of 管理,負(fù)責(zé)照料, in the charge of 由……照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her. 51. in class, in the class in class 在課上,in the class 在班級(jí)里 He is the best student in the class. 52. on fire, on the fire on fire 著火, on the fire 在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire. 53. out of question, out of the question out of question 毫無疑問的,out of the question 不可能的 54. a second, the second a second 又一,再一,the second 第…… He won the second prize. 55. by day, by the day by day 白天,by the day 按天計(jì)算 The workers are paid by the day. 56. the people, a people the people 指人,a people 指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people. 57. it, one it 同一物體,one 同類不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one. 58. that, this that 指代上文所提到的,this 導(dǎo)出下文所要說的 I was ill. That's why …. 59. none, nothing, no one none 強(qiáng)調(diào)有多少,nothing, no one 強(qiáng)調(diào)有沒有,nothing 指物,no one 指人 --- How many …/ How much …? --- None. 60. anyone, any one anyone 指人,不能接 of,any one 指人物均可,可接 of any one of you 61. who, what who 指姓名或關(guān)系,what 指職業(yè)或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher. 62. what, which what 的選擇基礎(chǔ)是無限制的,which 在一定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples? 63. other, another other 后接名詞復(fù)數(shù),another 后接名詞單數(shù) other students, another student 64. not a little, not a bit not a little 非常,not a bit 一點(diǎn)也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一點(diǎn)兒也不累。 65. many, much, a lot of many 和可數(shù)名詞連用,much 和不可數(shù)名詞連用,a lot of 可數(shù),不可數(shù)均可,但不用于否定句I haven't many books. 66. much more … than, many more … than much more … than 后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞,many more … than 后接可數(shù)名詞 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful 67. no, not no = not a/any no friend = not a/any friend no water = not any water 68. no more than, not more than no more than 相當(dāng)于 only,僅僅,只有,not more than 至多,不超過 69. majority, most majority 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞,most 可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可 the majority of people 70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself by oneself 單獨(dú)的,獨(dú)自的,for oneself 為自己,to oneself 供自己用的,of oneself 自行的,自動(dòng)的 The door opened of itself. 71. at all, after all at all 根本,全然, after all 到底,畢竟 After all he is a child. 72. tall, high tall 常指人或動(dòng)物,high 常指物體 He is tall. 73. fast, quickly fast 側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快的特點(diǎn),quickly 側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快run fast, answer the question quickly 74. high, highly high 具體的高,highly 抽象的高,高度的 think highly of 75. healthy, healthful healthy 健康的,健壯的,healthful 有益于健康的 healthful exercise 76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy sleeping 正在睡覺,asleep 睡著,熟睡,只能做表語,sleepy 困的,有睡意的a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy. 77. gold, golden gold 指真金制品,golden 指金色的,但金魚用 gold fish, a gold ring 78. most, mostly most 用于表感受的肯定句中,相當(dāng)于 very,當(dāng)大部分,大多數(shù)解時(shí)是形容詞或名詞,mostly 大部分,是副詞 most people, the people are mostly … 79. just, very just 表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是副詞,作狀語,very 表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是形容詞,用作定語 the very man, just the man 80. wide, broad wide 側(cè)重于一邊到另一邊的距離,broad 側(cè)重于幅面的寬廣broad shoulders 81. real, true real 真的,真實(shí)的,指的是事實(shí)上存在而不是想象的,true 真的,真正的,指的是事實(shí)和實(shí)際情況相符合 real gold, a true story 82. respectful, respectable respectful 尊敬,有禮貌,respectable 可敬的,值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged 83. outwards, outward 二者均可用作副詞,表示向外,外面,outward 還可用作形容詞 an outward voyage 84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing pleasant 常用作定語,pleased, pleasing 常用作表語,pleased 主語常為人,pleasing 主語常為物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing. 85. understanding, understandable understanding 明白事理的,能體諒的,understandable 可理解的,能夠懂的 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake 86. close, closely close 接近,靠近,closely 緊緊地,緊密地 closely connected, stand close 87. ill, sick ill 做表語,sick 定,表均可 a sick boy 88. good, well good 形容詞,well 副詞,但指身體狀況是形容詞 He is well again. 89. quiet, silent, still quiet 安靜的,可以發(fā)出小的聲音,silent 不發(fā)出聲音,但可以動(dòng),still 完全不動(dòng),完全無聲響 He stand there still. 他站在那兒,一動(dòng)不動(dòng),也不說話。 90. hard, hardly hard 努力,hardly 幾乎不 work hard, I can hardly believe it. 91. able, capable able 與不定式 to do 連用,capable 與 of 連用 He is capable of doing … 92. almost, nearly 二者均為“幾乎,差不多”和否定詞連用用almost almost nobody 93. late, lately late 遲,晚,lately 最近,近來 I haven't seen him lately. 94. living, alive, live, lively living, alive, live 均為活著的,living 定表均可,alive 定表均可,定語后置,live 只能做定語,lively 意為活波的 all the living people = all the people 95. excited, exciting excited 使人興奮的,exciting 令人興奮的 I'm excited. The news is exciting. 96. deep, deeply deep 具體的深,deeply 抽象的深,深深地 deeply moved, dig deep 97. aloud, loud aloud 出聲地,loud 大聲地 read aloud (出聲地讀) 98. worth, worthy 二者均為值得,worth 后接 doing,worthy 后接 to be done 99 catch a cold, have a cold catch a cold 不能和表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用,而 have a cold 可以 She has had a cold for a week. 100. change for, change into change for 調(diào)換成,change into 變成 Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice. 101. continue, last 二者均為持續(xù),continue 主動(dòng),被動(dòng)均可,last 只能用主動(dòng) The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued. 102. feed, raise feed 喂養(yǎng),養(yǎng)活,飼養(yǎng) (to give food to),raise 飼養(yǎng),養(yǎng)育 (cause to grow, bring up children) raise the family 103. go for a doctor, go to a doctor go for a doctor 去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生,go to a doctor 去看病 104. notice, observe, catch sight of notice 注意到,observe 觀察,仔細(xì)地看,catch sight of 突然看到 observe the stars 105. insist on, stick to insist on 堅(jiān)持要求,后常接 doing, stick to 堅(jiān)持, 后常接 sth., stick to the plan 106. look, seem, appear look 指從外表上看,seem 指內(nèi)心的判斷,appear 指給人以表面的印象 appear wise, look like his father 107. gather, collect gather 把分散的東西集中到一起,collect 指精心地、有選擇地進(jìn)行收集 collect stamps 108. mean to do, mean doing mean to do 打算,想要做某事,mean doing 意思是,意味著 By this I mean giving the students more practice. 109. die from, die of die from 表示死于(槍)傷,虛弱,過度勞累,飲食過度等,die of 表示死于疾病,饑餓,寒冷,年老,憂愁,失戀等精神因素 die of hunger and cold 110. pay for, pay back, pay off pay for 為…付錢,pay back 還錢,但不一定還清,pay off 還清 pay for the book, pay off the debt 111. divide, separate divide 把一個(gè)整體分成幾部分,separate 把連在一起的個(gè)體分開 divide the apple, separate the houses 112. arrive, get, reach arrive 后接 in (大地點(diǎn)),at(小地點(diǎn)),get 不及物動(dòng)詞后接to,reach 及物動(dòng)詞 arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing 113. grow, plant grow 使某種植物在某地生長(zhǎng)著或使其發(fā)展下去,plant 移植,移栽已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)成秧苗的植物 plant the trees, trees are growing 114. manage, try manage to do 設(shè)法做成了某事,try to do 盡力去做某事但不一定成功 He tried to pass the exam, but he failed. 115. choose, select choose 憑個(gè)人的判斷力進(jìn)行選擇,select 有目的地仔細(xì)認(rèn)真地選擇 choose the best answer 116. build, put up, set up, found build 一般用語,建成,put up 臨時(shí)搭建,set up 建成(內(nèi)部的設(shè)施基本齊全),found 國(guó)家或組織的建成 put up a tent, set up a school 117. be familiar to, be familiar with be familiar to 某物對(duì)某人來說是熟悉的,be familiar with 某人熟悉某物 The book is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book. 118. agree with, agree to, agree on agree with 同意某人,agree to 同意某事,agree on 在…上達(dá)成一致意見,主語是復(fù)數(shù) agree with you, agree to the plan 119. throw to, throw at throw to 扔到……, throw at 朝……扔 He throw a stone at me. 120. receive, accept receive 收到某一東西,但不一定接受,accept 接受 I received a gift, but I didn't accept it. |
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